Passenger vehicle occupants

Overview

The largest number of motor vehicle crash deaths occurs among occupants of passenger vehicles, including cars, minivans, pickups, SUVs, and cargo/large passenger vans. The likelihood of a crash death varies markedly among these vehicle types according to size. Small vehicles have less structure to absorb crash energy, so crash forces on occupants will be higher. People in lighter vehicles are at a disadvantage in collisions with heavier vehicles (Puckett & Kindelberger, 2016). Pickups and SUVs are more likely than cars to be in fatal single-vehicle crashes, especially rollovers. However, pickups and SUVs generally are heavier than cars, so occupant deaths in SUVs and pickups are less likely to occur in multiple-vehicle crashes.

Guide to car size groups

Curb weight	Shadow (overall length x width in square feet)
Curb weight	70-80	81-90	91-100	101-110	> 110
Note: Includes minivans.
2,001-2,500 lbs	Mini	Small	Small	Small	Midsize
2,501-3,000 lbs	Small	Small	Midsize	Midsize	Midsize
3,001-3,500 lbs	Small	Midsize	Midsize	Large	Large
3,501-4,000 lbs	Small	Midsize	Large	Large	Very large
>4,000 lbs	Midsize	Midsize	Large	Very large	Very large

Guide to SUV size groups

	Curb weight
Small	3,001-3,750 lbs
Midsize	3,751-4,750 lbs
Large	4,751-5,750 lbs
Very large	>5,750 lbs or shadow > 115 sq ft

Guide to pickup size groups

	Curb weight
Small	≤4,000 lbs
Large	>4,000 lbs and carrying capacity = 1/2 ton
Very large	>4,000 lbs and carrying capacity > 1/2 ton

The following facts are based on analysis of data from the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Fatality Analysis Reporting System and IHS Markit.

Posted July 2025.

Trends

Passenger vehicle occupant deaths represented 59% of the 40,901 motor vehicle crash deaths in 2023.

Passenger vehicle occupant deaths vs. total motor vehicle crash deaths, 1975-2023
Year	Passenger vehicle occupant deaths		Other deaths		All motor vehicle crash deaths
Year	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
1975	30,601	69	13,924	31	44,525	100
1976	31,724	70	13,799	30	45,523	100
1977	32,823	69	15,055	31	47,878	100
1978	34,923	69	15,408	31	50,331	100
1979	35,026	69	16,067	31	51,093	100
1980	34,996	68	16,095	32	51,091	100
1981	33,711	68	15,590	32	49,301	100
1982	29,656	67	14,289	33	43,945	100
1983	29,154	68	13,435	32	42,589	100
1984	30,094	68	14,163	32	44,257	100
1985	29,848	68	13,977	32	43,825	100
1986	32,224	70	13,863	30	46,087	100
1987	33,145	71	13,245	29	46,390	100
1988	34,105	72	12,982	28	47,087	100
1989	33,599	74	11,983	26	45,582	100
1990	32,711	73	11,888	27	44,599	100
1991	30,810	74	10,698	26	41,508	100
1992	29,457	75	9,793	25	39,250	100
1993	29,994	75	10,156	25	40,150	100
1994	30,820	76	9,896	24	40,716	100
1995	31,914	76	9,903	24	41,817	100
1996	32,353	77	9,712	23	42,065	100
1997	32,343	77	9,670	23	42,013	100
1998	31,781	77	9,720	23	41,501	100
1999	32,008	77	9,709	23	41,717	100
2000	32,109	77	9,836	23	41,945	100
2001	31,938	76	10,258	24	42,196	100
2002	32,724	76	10,281	24	43,005	100
2003	32,166	75	10,718	25	42,884	100
2004	31,750	74	11,086	26	42,836	100
2005	31,455	72	12,055	28	43,510	100
2006	30,628	72	12,080	28	42,708	100
2007	29,155	71	12,104	29	41,259	100
2008	25,547	68	11,876	32	37,423	100
2009	23,507	69	10,376	31	33,883	100
2010	22,351	68	10,648	32	32,999	100
2011	21,413	66	11,066	34	32,479	100
2012	21,906	65	11,876	35	33,782	100
2013	21,361	65	11,533	35	32,894	100
2014	21,131	65	11,613	35	32,744	100
2015	22,741	64	12,744	36	35,485	100
2016	23,957	63	13,849	37	37,806	100
2017	23,866	64	13,607	36	37,473	100
2018	23,046	63	13,789	37	36,835	100
2019	22,557	62	13,798	38	36,355	100
2020	24,135	62	14,872	38	39,007	100
2021	26,728	62	16,502	38	43,230	100
2022	25,803	60	16,918	40	42,721	100
2023	24,238	59	16,663	41	40,901	100

Passenger vehicle occupant deaths vs. total motor vehicle crash deaths, 1975-2023
Year	Passenger vehicle occupant deaths		Other deaths		All motor vehicle crash deaths
Year	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%

A total of 24,238 passenger vehicle occupants died in 2023, 21% fewer than in 1975. As pickups and SUVs have become more popular, the distribution of vehicle types in fatal crashes has changed. The number of car occupant deaths declined 50% since 1975, while pickup occupant deaths rose 21% and SUV occupant deaths increased nearly 15 times over the same time period. The substantial increase for SUVs is largely due to the relative rarity of these vehicles in 1975 and their increasing popularity in recent years.

Passenger vehicle occupant deaths by vehicle type, 1975-2023

Passenger vehicle occupant deaths by vehicle type, 1975-2023
Year	Car occupants		Pickup occupants		SUV occupants		All passenger vehicle occupants
Year	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
1975	25,715	84	3,674	12	455	1	30,601	100
1976	26,163	82	4,225	13	577	2	31,724	100
1977	26,698	81	4,512	14	729	2	32,823	100
1978	27,898	80	5,103	15	852	2	34,923	100
1979	27,518	79	5,423	15	945	3	35,026	100
1980	27,282	78	5,489	16	1,124	3	34,996	100
1981	26,406	78	5,236	16	1,021	3	33,711	100
1982	23,144	78	4,779	16	862	3	29,656	100
1983	22,801	78	4,660	16	920	3	29,154	100
1984	23,484	78	4,884	16	886	3	30,094	100
1985	23,084	77	4,892	16	1,024	3	29,848	100
1986	24,898	77	5,334	17	1,131	4	32,224	100
1987	25,160	76	5,795	17	1,269	4	33,145	100
1988	25,876	76	6,089	18	1,320	4	34,105	100
1989	25,334	75	6,016	18	1,373	4	33,599	100
1990	24,463	75	6,032	18	1,480	5	32,711	100
1991	22,794	74	5,858	19	1,521	5	30,810	100
1992	21,889	74	5,476	19	1,390	5	29,457	100
1993	22,166	74	5,611	19	1,552	5	29,994	100
1994	22,708	74	5,604	18	1,809	6	30,820	100
1995	23,219	73	5,973	19	2,006	6	31,914	100
1996	23,526	73	5,928	18	2,210	7	32,353	100
1997	23,243	72	5,922	18	2,416	7	32,343	100
1998	22,475	71	5,904	19	2,711	9	31,781	100
1999	22,209	69	6,095	19	3,019	9	32,008	100
2000	22,091	69	5,996	19	3,337	10	32,109	100
2001	21,688	68	6,121	19	3,521	11	31,938	100
2002	22,114	68	6,058	19	4,022	12	32,724	100
2003	21,125	66	5,833	18	4,463	14	32,166	100
2004	20,623	65	5,716	18	4,772	15	31,750	100
2005	19,956	63	6,040	19	4,847	15	31,455	100
2006	19,087	62	5,877	19	4,973	16	30,628	100
2007	17,805	61	5,758	20	4,975	17	29,155	100
2008	15,725	62	5,021	20	4,350	17	25,547	100
2009	14,124	60	4,719	20	4,254	18	23,507	100
2010	13,433	60	4,443	20	4,130	18	22,351	100
2011	12,738	59	4,245	20	4,095	19	21,413	100
2012	13,112	60	4,339	20	4,171	19	21,906	100
2013	12,731	60	4,215	20	4,098	19	21,361	100
2014	12,543	59	4,223	20	4,103	19	21,131	100
2015	13,320	59	4,490	20	4,577	20	22,741	100
2016	14,057	59	4,625	19	4,908	20	23,957	100
2017	13,902	58	4,434	19	5,186	22	23,866	100
2018	13,260	58	4,380	19	5,059	22	23,046	100
2019	12,535	56	4,284	19	5,365	24	22,557	100
2020	13,654	57	4,407	18	5,781	24	24,135	100
2021	14,841	56	4,871	18	6,663	25	26,728	100
2022	13,869	54	4,711	18	6,821	26	25,803	100
2023	12,857	53	4,430	18	6,589	27	24,238	100

Passenger vehicle occupant deaths by vehicle type, 1975-2023
Year	Car occupants		Pickup occupants		SUV occupants		All passenger vehicle occupants
Year	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%

The majority (76%) of passenger vehicle occupants killed in 2023 were drivers. The ratio of driver to passenger fatalities depends both on the number of passengers carried and on the safety systems available to those passengers. Pickups had the highest proportion of driver fatalities (82%).

Passenger vehicle occupant deaths by type, 2023
Vehicle type	Driver		Passenger		Total*
Vehicle type	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
Car	9,671	75	3,169	25	12,857	100
Pickup	3,618	82	807	18	4,430	100
SUV	4,779	73	1,806	27	6,589	100
Total*	18,315	76	5,897	24	24,238	100
*Total includes other and/or unknowns

Passenger vehicle occupant deaths by type, 2023
Vehicle type	Driver		Passenger		Total*
Vehicle type	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%

Crash types

Frontal impacts accounted for 60% of passenger vehicle occupant deaths in 2023. Side impacts accounted for another 22% of passenger vehicle occupant deaths.

Passenger vehicle occupant deaths in all crashes by impact point and vehicle type, 2023
Point of initial impact	Car occupants		Pickup occupants		SUV occupants		All occupants
Point of initial impact	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
Frontal	7,613	59	2,682	61	3,932	60	14,462	60
Side	3,188	25	776	18	1,323	20	5,352	22
Rear	751	6	156	4	326	5	1,250	5
Other (mostly rollover)	1,305	10	816	18	1,008	15	3,174	13
Total*	12,857	100	4,430	100	6,589	100	24,238	100
*Total includes other and/or unknowns

Passenger vehicle occupant deaths in all crashes by impact point and vehicle type, 2023
Point of initial impact	Car occupants		Pickup occupants		SUV occupants		All occupants
Point of initial impact	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%

Thirty-nine percent of car occupant deaths in 2023 occurred in single-vehicle crashes. In contrast, single-vehicle crashes accounted for 54% of pickup occupant deaths and 45% of SUV occupant deaths.

Passenger vehicle occupant deaths by vehicle and crash type, 2023
Vehicle type	Deaths in single-vehicle crashes		Deaths in multiple-vehicle crashes		Deaths in all crashes*
Vehicle type	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
Cars	4,968	39	7,889	61	12,857	100
Pickups	2,384	54	2,046	46	4,430	100
SUVs	2,997	45	3,592	55	6,589	100
Other	133	37	229	63	362	100
All passenger vehicles	10,482	43	13,756	57	24,238	100
*Total includes other and/or unknowns

Passenger vehicle occupant deaths by vehicle and crash type, 2023
Vehicle type	Deaths in single-vehicle crashes		Deaths in multiple-vehicle crashes		Deaths in all crashes*
Vehicle type	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%

Age and sex differences

The majority of passenger vehicle occupant deaths in 2023 were male. This was true of both drivers (71%) and all occupants (66%), and these values were mostly consistent across age.

Passenger vehicle occupant deaths by age, type and sex, 2023
Age	Drivers						All occupants
	Male		Female		Total*		Male		Female		Total*
	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
<16	37	84	7	16	44	100	502	58	360	42	864	100
16-19	864	73	323	27	1,187	100	1,317	68	632	32	1,950	100
20-24	1,481	75	500	25	1,982	100	1,937	70	826	30	2,765	100
25-29	1,331	73	484	27	1,817	100	1,617	70	704	30	2,324	100
30-34	1,279	71	525	29	1,804	100	1,486	68	714	32	2,201	100
35-39	1,073	72	407	27	1,481	100	1,216	68	567	32	1,784	100
40-44	959	70	408	30	1,371	100	1,097	67	537	33	1,639	100
45-49	821	74	290	26	1,111	100	934	70	400	30	1,335	100
50-54	819	74	282	26	1,101	100	916	69	402	31	1,318	100
55-59	827	72	320	28	1,147	100	924	69	419	31	1,343	100
60-64	869	71	347	28	1,218	100	969	66	499	34	1,470	100
65-69	739	70	321	30	1,061	100	825	63	474	36	1,301	100
≥70	1,975	66	998	34	2,974	100	2,265	58	1,637	42	3,904	100
Total*	13,085	71	5,212	28	18,315	100	16,031	66	8,178	34	24,238	100
*Total includes other and/or unknowns

Passenger vehicle occupant deaths by age, type and sex, 2023
Age	Drivers						All occupants
	Male		Female		Total*		Male		Female		Total*
	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%

Eight percent of passenger vehicle occupant deaths were in the second or third row; 24% of these were younger than 13.

Passenger vehicle occupant deaths by seating position and age, 2023
Seating position	<13 years		13-19 years		≥20 years		Total*
Seating position	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
Driver	1	0	1,230	7	17,067	93	18,315	100
Front-row passenger	73	2	550	15	3,048	83	3,682	100
Second-row passenger	407	23	377	21	971	55	1,763	100
Third-row passenger	28	36	6	8	44	56	78	100
Total*	559	2	2,255	9	21,384	88	24,238	100
*Total includes other and/or unknowns

Passenger vehicle occupant deaths by seating position and age, 2023
Seating position	<13 years		13-19 years		≥20 years		Total*
Seating position	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%

Driver death rates

Computing driver death rates per million registered passenger vehicles allows for comparisons of fatal crash risk across vehicle groups. The computed rates reflect the influence of vehicle designs plus their patterns of use and the demographics of their drivers. Driver death rates for each year are based on vehicles that were 1-3 years old at the time of the crash to minimize the effects of vehicle aging.

Since 1978, the overall rates of occupant deaths per million registered vehicles have declined across all passenger vehicle types. Declines in death rates have been largest for SUV occupants.

Passenger vehicle occupant death rates by vehicle type, 1978-2023

Occupant deaths per million registered passenger vehicles 1-3 years old, 1978-2023
Year	Drivers				All occupants
Year	Cars	Pickups	SUVs	All passenger vehicles	Cars	Pickups	SUVs	All passenger vehicles
1978	155	237	273	169	235	346	438	256
1979	165	246	271	180	244	350	425	265
1980	167	221	287	177	248	316	494	263
1981	177	216	237	182	259	296	389	265
1982	155	188	229	159	231	263	392	236
1983	148	188	225	153	220	263	337	225
1984	147	190	143	151	218	259	218	222
1985	139	182	141	144	207	257	227	213
1986	128	172	134	133	196	239	224	202
1987	129	178	136	136	196	248	232	205
1988	133	186	121	140	205	251	198	211
1989	130	185	116	138	199	255	185	208
1990	122	179	126	131	187	245	201	197
1991	108	169	109	117	169	229	175	178
1992	101	151	88	108	160	200	151	165
1993	97	137	93	102	152	187	141	156
1994	100	134	87	104	159	178	148	161
1995	103	134	102	107	160	180	157	162
1996	107	127	98	109	167	178	150	167
1997	96	118	93	99	152	161	146	153
1998	90	119	86	94	141	158	141	144
1999	91	120	93	96	138	162	139	143
2000	83	117	81	89	127	155	135	134
2001	83	130	74	89	124	170	116	131
2002	84	123	76	88	126	162	122	131
2003	81	115	72	85	122	151	115	126
2004	76	107	66	79	114	145	103	117
2005	79	110	56	78	117	145	88	114
2006	77	101	49	73	112	137	74	106
2007	70	95	44	67	103	128	69	99
2008	65	87	35	61	92	114	52	85
2009	56	63	25	49	82	83	36	69
2010	49	64	20	43	71	80	29	61
2011	43	49	17	37	62	66	24	52
2012	42	44	16	35	61	56	23	49
2013	41	39	19	34	58	52	26	48
2014	37	38	18	32	53	47	24	44
2015	42	40	20	35	62	52	29	51
2016	44	39	21	36	63	48	32	51
2017	46	37	22	36	66	46	33	51
2018	48	34	23	36	70	42	32	51
2019	48	32	24	35	68	39	35	49
2020	53	35	25	37	72	46	34	50
2021	64	40	29	43	92	52	41	60
2022	66	39	31	43	90	51	46	60
2023	66	33	29	40	92	42	43	56

Occupant deaths per million registered passenger vehicles 1-3 years old, 1978-2023
Year	Drivers				All occupants
Year	Cars	Pickups	SUVs	All passenger vehicles	Cars	Pickups	SUVs	All passenger vehicles

Overall in 2023, for 1-3-year-old passenger vehicles, there were 15 driver deaths per million registered passenger vehicles in single-vehicle crashes and 25 driver deaths per million registered passenger vehicles in multiple-vehicle crashes. Cars had the highest number of deaths per million registered vehicles both in single-vehicle crashes (23) and in multiple-vehicle crashes (43). SUVs had the lowest number of deaths per million registered vehicles in single-vehicle crashes (11).

Driver deaths per million registered passenger vehicles 1-3 years old by crash type, 2023
		Multiple-vehicle		Single-vehicle		Single-vehicle rollover		All crashes
		Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate
Cars	Mini	30	83	9	25	5	14	39	108
	Small	210	54	75	19	23	6	285	73
	Midsize	191	39	112	23	41	8	303	62
	Large	31	31	41	41	14	14	72	71
	Very large	15	16	13	14	6	7	28	31
	All cars	477	43	252	23	89	8	729	66
Pickups	Small	34	18	26	14	13	7	60	31
	Large	86	20	59	14	18	4	145	34
	Very large	16	10	26	15	7	4	42	25
	All pickups	144	18	117	15	41	5	261	33
SUVs	Small	248	27	114	12	37	4	362	39
	Midsize	127	12	103	10	45	4	230	23
	Large	14	10	12	8	4	3	26	18
	Very large	3	7	3	7	1	2	36	78
	All SUVs	393	18	232	11	87	4	625	29
All passenger vehicles	All	1,028	25	613	15	217	5	1,641	40

Driver deaths per million registered passenger vehicles 1-3 years old by crash type, 2023
		Multiple-vehicle		Single-vehicle		Single-vehicle rollover		All crashes
		Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate

Driver deaths per million 1-3 year old registered pickups and SUVs by crash type and 2WD/4WD, 2023
	Multiple-vehicle				Single-vehicle				Single-vehicle rollover				All crashes
	2WD		4WD		2WD		4WD		2WD		4WD		2WD		4WD
	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate
Pickups	37	26	95	15	21	15	90	14	7	5	31	5	58	40	185	29
SUVs	176	27	215	14	93	14	137	9	35	5	51	3	269	42	352	24


Multiple-vehicle				Single-vehicle				Single-vehicle rollover				All crashes
2WD		4WD		2WD		4WD		2WD		4WD		2WD		4WD
Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate

In multiple-vehicle crashes, frontal impacts accounted for 16 driver deaths per million registered 1-3-year-old passenger vehicles in 2023. By comparison, multiple-vehicle side impacts accounted for 6 deaths per million and multiple-vehicle rear impacts accounted for 2 deaths per million.

Driver deaths in multiple-vehicle crashes per million registered passenger vehicles 1-3 years old, 2023
	Frontal impacts		Side impacts		Rear impacts		Other		Total
	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate
Cars	310	28	124	11	36	3	1	<1	477	43
Pickups	109	14	27	3	8	1	0	0	144	18
SUVs	247	11	113	5	27	1	3	<1	393	18
All passenger vehicles	680	16	264	6	71	2	4	<1	1,028	25

Driver deaths in multiple-vehicle crashes per million registered passenger vehicles 1-3 years old, 2023
	Frontal impacts		Side impacts		Rear impacts		Other		Total
	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate

In single-vehicle crashes, frontal impacts accounted for 11 driver deaths per million registered 1-3-year-old passenger vehicles in 2023. By comparison, single-vehicle side impacts accounted for 1 death per million and single-vehicle rear impacts for less than 1 death per million.

Driver deaths in single-vehicle crashes per million registered passenger vehicles 1-3 years old, 2023
	Frontal impacts		Side impacts		Rear impacts		Other		Total
	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate
Cars	170	15	30	3	3	<1	21	2	252	23
Pickups	82	10	8	1	1	<1	15	2	117	15
SUVs	173	8	19	<1	4	<1	18	<1	232	11
All passenger vehicles	435	11	58	1	8	<1	54	1	613	15

Driver deaths in single-vehicle crashes per million registered passenger vehicles 1-3 years old, 2023
	Frontal impacts		Side impacts		Rear impacts		Other		Total
	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate

Rollover

A crash is classified as a rollover if the vehicle tips onto its side or roof at any time during the crash. The rollover may result from an impact with another vehicle or with a fixed object. Many rollovers occur after a vehicle leaves the roadway. A rollover may lead to occupants being ejected from the vehicle, increasing the likelihood of a fatality.

A total of 6,700 passenger vehicle occupants died in rollover crashes in 2023. Although most rollovers were associated with a pre-rollover impact, a substantial proportion (23%) rolled over without having impacted anything beforehand.

Passenger vehicle occupant deaths in rollover crashes by impact point and vehicle type, 2023
Point of initial impact	Car occupants		Pickup occupants		SUV occupants		All occupants
Point of initial impact	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
Frontal	1,330	50	710	42	1,017	45	3,112	46
Side	399	15	270	16	377	17	1,066	16
Rear	110	4	68	4	90	4	271	4
None	472	18	481	29	568	25	1,545	23
Other	329	12	155	9	214	9	706	11
Total*	2,640	100	1,684	100	2,266	100	6,700	100
*Total includes other and/or unknowns

Passenger vehicle occupant deaths in rollover crashes by impact point and vehicle type, 2023
Point of initial impact	Car occupants		Pickup occupants		SUV occupants		All occupants
Point of initial impact	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%

Crashes in which a vehicle rolled over accounted for 28% of all passenger vehicle occupant deaths in 2023. The proportion of occupant deaths involving a rollover was much higher in single-vehicle crashes (47%) than it was for multiple-vehicle crashes (13%).

Passenger vehicle occupant deaths by crash type, 1978-2023
Year	Deaths in single-vehicle crashes				Deaths in multiple-vehicle crashes				Deaths in all crashes*
	Rollover		No rollover		Rollover		No rollover		Rollover		No rollover
	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
1978	7,858	48	8,460	52	1,477	8	17,093	92	9,350	27	25,573	73
1979	8,010	48	8,542	52	1,666	9	16,779	91	9,691	28	25,335	72
1980	8,673	49	9,001	51	1,588	9	15,679	91	10,282	29	24,714	71
1981	8,211	50	8,188	50	1,588	9	15,692	91	9,812	29	23,899	71
1982	6,974	49	7,205	51	1,305	8	14,158	92	8,282	28	21,374	72
1983	6,951	50	7,079	50	1,256	8	13,868	92	8,207	28	20,947	72
1984	7,116	50	7,092	50	1,358	9	14,528	91	8,474	28	21,620	72
1985	6,900	50	6,779	50	1,361	8	14,805	92	8,262	28	21,586	72
1986	7,954	52	7,428	48	1,501	9	15,341	91	9,455	29	22,769	71
1987	8,162	53	7,363	47	1,629	9	15,991	91	9,791	30	23,354	70
1988	8,562	53	7,494	47	1,582	9	16,467	91	10,144	30	23,961	70
1989	8,060	52	7,558	48	1,620	9	16,361	91	9,680	29	23,919	71
1990	8,068	52	7,382	48	1,556	9	15,705	91	9,624	29	23,087	71
1991	7,749	52	7,131	48	1,523	10	14,407	90	9,272	30	21,538	70
1992	7,135	52	6,693	48	1,492	10	14,137	90	8,627	29	20,830	71
1993	7,002	51	6,821	49	1,524	9	14,647	91	8,526	28	21,468	72
1994	7,268	52	6,637	48	1,669	10	15,246	90	8,937	29	21,883	71
1995	7,802	53	6,940	47	1,708	10	15,464	90	9,510	30	22,404	70
1996	7,903	53	6,891	47	1,691	10	15,869	90	9,594	30	22,760	70
1997	7,712	53	6,743	47	1,774	10	16,114	90	9,486	29	22,857	71
1998	7,848	54	6,594	46	1,872	11	15,467	89	9,720	31	22,061	69
1999	8,255	56	6,502	44	1,839	11	15,412	89	10,094	32	21,914	68
2000	8,112	54	6,841	46	1,800	10	15,356	90	9,912	31	22,197	69
2001	8,375	55	6,786	45	1,747	10	15,030	90	10,122	32	21,816	68
2002	8,724	55	7,114	45	1,952	12	14,934	88	10,676	33	22,048	67
2003	8,462	55	6,936	45	1,940	12	14,828	88	10,402	32	21,764	68
2004	8,525	56	6,764	44	2,022	12	14,439	88	10,547	33	21,203	67
2005	8,730	57	6,713	43	2,095	13	13,902	87	10,825	34	20,630	66
2006	8,790	57	6,666	43	1,919	13	13,229	87	10,712	35	19,916	65
2007	8,429	56	6,528	44	1,844	13	12,330	87	10,274	35	18,881	65
2008	7,541	56	6,002	44	1,529	13	10,459	87	9,073	36	16,474	64
2009	6,868	55	5,538	45	1,451	13	9,630	87	8,322	35	15,185	65
2010	6,375	55	5,245	45	1,365	13	9,366	87	7,740	35	14,611	65
2011	6,148	55	5,076	45	1,293	13	8,896	87	7,441	35	13,972	65
2012	6,273	55	5,201	45	1,312	13	9,120	87	7,585	35	14,321	65
2013	5,825	53	5,168	47	1,257	12	9,111	88	7,082	33	14,279	67
2014	5,570	52	5,059	48	1,304	12	9,198	88	6,874	33	14,257	67
2015	5,802	53	5,138	47	1,458	12	10,343	88	7,260	32	15,481	68
2016	5,919	52	5,511	48	1,616	13	10,911	87	7,535	31	16,422	69
2017	5,617	51	5,455	49	1,651	13	11,143	87	7,268	30	16,598	70
2018	5,125	49	5,247	51	1,511	12	11,163	88	6,636	29	16,410	71
2019	4,877	49	5,159	51	1,500	12	11,021	88	6,377	28	16,180	72
2020	5,611	50	5,674	50	1,627	13	11,223	87	7,238	30	16,897	70
2021	5,678	49	5,985	51	2,014	13	13,051	87	7,692	29	19,036	71
2022	5,597	49	5,895	51	1,851	13	12,460	87	7,448	29	18,355	71
2023	4,965	47	5,516	53	1,735	13	12,021	87	6,700	28	17,537	72
*Total includes other and/or unknowns

Passenger vehicle occupant deaths by crash type, 1978-2023
Year	Deaths in single-vehicle crashes				Deaths in multiple-vehicle crashes				Deaths in all crashes*
	Rollover		No rollover		Rollover		No rollover		Rollover		No rollover
	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%

In 2023, rollover crashes accounted for 21% of occupant deaths in cars, 38% of occupant deaths in pickups, and 34% of occupant deaths in SUVs.

Passenger vehicle occupant deaths in rollover vs. no rollover crashes, 1978-2023
Year	Car occupants				Pickup occupants				SUV occupants
	Rollover		No rollover		Rollover		No rollover		Rollover		No rollover
	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
1978	6,422	23	21,476	77	1,989	39	3,114	61	520	61	332	39
1979	6,416	23	21,102	77	2,222	41	3,201	59	630	67	315	33
1980	6,862	25	20,420	75	2,263	41	3,226	59	735	65	389	35
1981	6,541	25	19,865	75	2,177	42	3,059	58	663	65	358	35
1982	5,477	24	17,667	76	1,935	40	2,844	60	571	66	291	34
1983	5,381	24	17,420	76	1,939	42	2,721	58	609	66	311	34
1984	5,525	24	17,959	76	2,048	42	2,836	58	587	66	299	34
1985	5,220	23	17,864	77	2,044	42	2,848	58	671	66	353	34
1986	6,000	24	18,898	76	2,371	44	2,963	56	737	65	394	35
1987	6,015	24	19,145	76	2,598	45	3,197	55	824	65	445	35
1988	6,246	24	19,630	76	2,762	45	3,327	55	815	62	505	38
1989	5,801	23	19,533	77	2,680	45	3,336	55	847	62	526	38
1990	5,714	23	18,749	77	2,713	45	3,319	55	910	61	570	39
1991	5,470	24	17,324	76	2,593	44	3,265	56	934	61	587	39
1992	4,968	23	16,921	77	2,479	45	2,997	55	879	63	511	37
1993	4,877	22	17,289	78	2,415	43	3,196	57	971	63	581	37
1994	5,149	23	17,559	77	2,393	43	3,211	57	1,102	61	707	39
1995	5,381	23	17,838	77	2,581	43	3,392	57	1,257	63	749	37
1996	5,357	23	18,170	77	2,539	43	3,389	57	1,429	65	781	35
1997	5,174	22	18,069	78	2,479	42	3,443	58	1,516	63	900	37
1998	5,177	23	17,298	77	2,537	43	3,367	57	1,703	63	1,008	37
1999	5,212	23	16,997	77	2,699	44	3,396	56	1,901	63	1,118	37
2000	5,030	23	17,061	77	2,529	42	3,467	58	2,067	62	1,270	38
2001	5,056	23	16,632	77	2,636	43	3,485	57	2,159	61	1,362	39
2002	5,279	24	16,835	76	2,715	45	3,343	55	2,474	62	1,548	38
2003	4,943	23	16,182	77	2,509	43	3,324	57	2,658	60	1,805	40
2004	4,801	23	15,822	77	2,519	44	3,197	56	2,949	62	1,823	38
2005	4,860	24	15,096	76	2,773	46	3,267	54	2,909	60	1,938	40
2006	4,754	25	14,333	75	2,781	47	3,096	53	2,919	59	2,054	41
2007	4,414	25	13,391	75	2,660	46	3,098	54	2,929	59	2,046	41
2008	3,994	25	11,731	75	2,368	47	2,653	53	2,510	58	1,840	42
2009	3,515	25	10,609	75	2,246	48	2,473	52	2,388	56	1,866	44
2010	3,202	24	10,231	76	2,057	46	2,386	54	2,340	57	1,790	43
2011	3,063	24	9,675	76	1,973	46	2,272	54	2,259	55	1,836	45
2012	3,208	24	9,904	76	1,987	46	2,352	54	2,287	55	1,884	45
2013	2,991	23	9,740	77	1,916	45	2,299	55	2,057	50	2,041	50
2014	2,818	22	9,725	78	1,871	44	2,352	56	2,070	50	2,033	50
2015	3,004	23	10,316	77	1,916	43	2,574	57	2,211	48	2,366	52
2016	3,124	22	10,933	78	1,973	43	2,652	57	2,305	47	2,603	53
2017	3,007	22	10,895	78	1,837	41	2,597	59	2,322	45	2,864	55
2018	2,677	20	10,583	80	1,741	40	2,639	60	2,113	42	2,946	58
2019	2,527	20	10,008	80	1,630	38	2,654	62	2,100	39	3,265	61
2020	3,017	22	10,637	78	1,804	41	2,603	59	2,326	40	3,455	60
2021	3,090	21	11,751	79	1,965	40	2,906	60	2,518	38	4,145	62
2022	2,939	21	10,930	79	1,848	39	2,863	61	2,545	37	4,276	63
2023	2,640	21	10,217	79	1,684	38	2,746	62	2,266	34	4,323	66

Passenger vehicle occupant deaths in rollover vs. no rollover crashes, 1978-2023
Year	Car occupants				Pickup occupants				SUV occupants
	Rollover		No rollover		Rollover		No rollover		Rollover		No rollover
	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%

In 2023, single-vehicle rollover crashes accounted for 16% of occupant deaths in cars, 28% of occupant deaths in pickups and 24% of occupant deaths in SUVs.

Deaths in single-vehicle rollover crashes as a percent of total occupant deaths, 2023
		Drivers				All occupants
		Single-vehicle rollover		All crashes		Single-vehicle rollover		All crashes
		Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
Cars	Mini	67	14	474	100	81	13	614	100
	Small	437	14	3,173	100	556	13	4,196	100
	Midsize	658	17	3,914	100	852	17	5,145	100
	Large	297	20	1,470	100	419	22	1,940	100
	Very large	81	15	542	100	111	13	831	100
	All cars	1,554	16	9,671	100	2,036	16	12,857	100
Pickups	Small	235	26	917	100	281	26	1,091	100
	Large	523	26	1,999	100	652	27	2,460	100
	Very large	224	38	593	100	291	39	741	100
	All pickups	1,011	28	3,618	100	1,261	28	4,430	100
SUVs	Small	341	19	1,822	100	428	17	2,453	100
	Midsize	593	28	2,110	100	762	26	2,930	100
	Large	213	36	591	100	287	34	845	100
	Very large	82	38	218	100	117	38	308	100
	All SUVs	1,236	26	4,779	100	1,605	24	6,589	100
All passenger vehicles	All	3,834	21	18,315	100	4,965	20	24,238	100


Drivers				All occupants
Single-vehicle rollover		All crashes		Single-vehicle rollover		All crashes
Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%

Deaths in single-vehicle rollover crashes as a percent of total occupant deaths for pickups and SUVs by 2WD/4WD, 2023
		2WD				4WD
		Single-vehicle rollover		All crashes		Single-vehicle rollover		All crashes
		Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
Pickups	Small	142	21	680	100	139	34	407	100
	Large	282	25	1,140	100	370	28	1,320	100
	Very large	36	27	131	100	255	42	610	100
	All pickups	460	24	1,952	100	764	33	2,337	100
SUVs	Small	162	15	1,065	100	265	19	1,384	100
	Midsize	300	24	1,248	100	461	28	1,676	100
	Large	136	36	380	100	151	33	464	100
	Very large	34	34	101	100	83	40	207	100
	All SUVs	632	23	2,794	100	960	26	3,732	100


2WD				4WD
Single-vehicle rollover		All crashes		Single-vehicle rollover		All crashes
Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%

Since 1978, driver death rates for single-vehicle rollover crashes have declined across all types of 1-3-year-old passenger vehicles, particularly among SUVs.

Driver deaths in single-vehicle rollover crashes per million registered passenger vehicles 1-3 years old, 1978-2023

Driver deaths in single-vehicle rollover crashes per million registered passenger vehicles 1-3 years old, 1978-2023
Year	Car drivers	Pickup drivers	SUV drivers	All passenger vehicles
1978	32	78	141	41
1979	31	90	155	43
1980	37	83	168	47
1981	35	76	137	44
1982	31	65	129	38
1983	29	62	126	35
1984	27	72	69	34
1985	25	61	73	32
1986	24	70	62	32
1987	24	68	67	33
1988	26	70	55	34
1989	24	68	60	33
1990	25	68	60	34
1991	23	66	54	31
1992	20	56	40	27
1993	19	50	51	26
1994	19	42	37	25
1995	20	49	45	27
1996	24	47	55	31
1997	21	44	43	27
1998	21	43	43	28
1999	20	49	47	29
2000	18	46	42	27
2001	18	53	36	27
2002	18	52	36	28
2003	16	47	34	25
2004	15	44	30	23
2005	16	46	24	23
2006	15	44	19	21
2007	14	38	16	19
2008	13	32	12	16
2009	13	28	6	13
2010	11	25	4	11
2011	8	17	4	8
2012	6	11	3	6
2013	5	11	3	5
2014	6	9	3	6
2015	6	7	3	5
2016	5	7	3	5
2017	6	6	3	5
2018	6	5	3	5
2019	4	6	4	4
2020	7	6	4	5
2021	7	7	3	5
2022	8	7	5	6
2023	8	5	4	5

Driver deaths in single-vehicle rollover crashes per million registered passenger vehicles 1-3 years old, 1978-2023
Year	Car drivers	Pickup drivers	SUV drivers	All passenger vehicles

Fatality Facts 2023Passenger vehicle occupants