Small overlap front: driver-side
Rating applies to 2003-14 models
Tested vehicle: 2014 Volvo XC90 3.2 4-door 4wd
The Volvo XC90 was introduced in the 2003 model year.
| Overall evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Structure and safety cage | |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Chest | |
| Hip/thigh | |
| Lower leg/foot | |
| Driver restraints and dummy kinematics |
Action shot taken during the small overlap frontal crash test.
The dummy's position in relation to the door frame, steering wheel, and instrument panel after the crash test indicates that the driver's survival space was maintained very well.
The frontal and side curtain airbags worked well together to protect the head from injury in the crash test. Still, the curtain airbag should extend farther forward toward the A-pillar to protect the head from contact with forward side structure and outside objects if crash circumstances were to differ slightly.
Intrusion into the driver's space was minimal, and risk of injuries to the dummy's legs and feet was low.
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
| Test ID | CEN1336 |
|---|---|
| Lower occupant compartment | |
| Lower hinge pillar max (cm) | 7 |
| Footrest (cm) | 4 |
| Left toepan (cm) | 3 |
| Brake pedal (cm) | 4 |
| Parking brake (cm) | 7 |
| Rocker panel lateral average (cm) | 3 |
| Upper occupant compartment | |
| Steering column | 1 |
| Upper hinge pillar max (cm) | 5 |
| Upper dash (cm) | 4 |
| Lower instrument panel (cm) | 4 |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | CEN1336 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 62 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 0.8 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 7 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.19 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 24 |
| Femur (kN) | |
| Left | 3.2 |
| Right | 0.1 |
| Knee displacement (mm) | |
| Left | 7 |
| Right | 0 |
| Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | |
| Left | 1 |
| Right | 0 |
| Maximum tibia index | |
| Left | 0.44 |
| Right | 0.44 |
| Tibia axial force (kN) | |
| Left | 0.6 |
| Right | 0.5 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | |
| Left | 42 |
| Right | 35 |
Moderate overlap front: original test
Rating applies to 2003-14 models
Tested vehicle: 2003 Volvo XC90 4-door 4wd
The Volvo XC90 was introduced in the 2003 model year.
| Overall evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Structure and safety cage | |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Chest | |
| Leg/foot, left | |
| Leg/foot, right | |
| Driver restraints and dummy kinematics |
Action shot taken during the frontal offset crash test.
The dummy's position in relation to the steering wheel and instrument panel after the crash test indicates that the driver's survival space was maintained well.
The XC90's head restraints have good geometry, meaning they are high and close to the back of an occupant's head. Moreover, the seatback is specially designed to recline slightly in low-speed rear impacts to minimize the possibility of whiplash injuries.
Intrusion into the driver's space was minimal, and all leg and foot injury measures were low.
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
| Test ID | CEF0305 |
|---|---|
| Footwell intrusion | |
| Footrest (cm) | 7 |
| Left (cm) | 10 |
| Center (cm) | 11 |
| Right (cm) | 11 |
| Brake pedal (cm) | 5 |
| Instrument panel rearward movement | |
| Left (cm) | 2 |
| Right (cm) | 0 |
| Steering column movement | |
| Upward (cm) | -1 |
| Rearward (cm) | 0 |
| A-pillar rearward movement (cm) | 1 |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | CEF0305 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 135 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | 27 |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 1.4 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 8 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.29 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 38 |
| Legs | |
| Femur force - left (kN) | 6.3 |
| Femur force - right (kN) | 5.0 |
| Knee displacement - left (mm) | 3 |
| Knee displacement - right (mm) | 0 |
| Maximum tibia index - left | 0.34 |
| Maximum tibia index - right | 0.37 |
| Tibia axial force - left (kN) | 1.1 |
| Tibia axial force - right (kN) | 2.9 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | |
| Left | 54 |
| Right | 93 |
Side: original test
Rating applies to 2005-14 models
Tested vehicle: 2006 Volvo XC90 4-door 4wd with standard head curtain airbags for all three rows of seats and standard front seat-mounted torso airbags
The Volvo XC90 was introduced in the 2003 model year. Beginning with 2005 models, the side torso airbags were enlarged to improve occupant protection in side impact crashes.
| Overall evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Structure and safety cage | |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Torso | |
| Pelvis/leg | |
| Driver head protection | |
| Rear passenger injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Torso | |
| Pelvis/leg | |
| Rear passenger head protection | |
View of the vehicle and barrier just after the crash test.
View of the vehicle after the crash with doors removed, showing the side airbags and damage to the occupant compartment.
Smeared greasepaint shows where the driver dummy's head was protected from being hit by hard structures by the side airbags.
Smeared greasepaint shows where the rear passenger dummy’s head was protected by the side airbag.
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
| Test ID | CES0624 |
|---|---|
| B-pillar to longitudinal centerline of driver's seat (cm) | -9.5 |
| Negative numbers indicate the amount by which the crush stopped short of the seat centerline. | |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | CES0624 |
|---|---|
| Head HIC-15 | 61 |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 1.0 |
| Compression (kN) | 0.2 |
| Shoulder | |
| Lateral deflection (mm) | 45 |
| Lateral force (kN) | 1.6 |
| Torso | |
| Maximum deflection (mm) | 32 |
| Average deflection (mm) | 24 |
| Maximum deflection rate (m/s) | 1.79 |
| Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) | 0.28 |
| Pelvis | |
| Iliac force (kN) | 0.6 |
| Acetabulum force (kN) | 2.2 |
| Combined force (kN) | 2.8 |
| Left femur | |
| L-M force (kN) | 0.2 |
| L-M moment (Nm) | 54 |
| A-P moment (Nm) | -24 |
Passenger injury measures
| Test ID | CES0624 |
|---|---|
| Head HIC-15 | 28 |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 0.4 |
| Compression (kN) | 0.2 |
| Shoulder | |
| Lateral deflection (mm) | 25 |
| Lateral force (kN) | 1.3 |
| Torso | |
| Maximum deflection (mm) | 21 |
| Average deflection (mm) | 17 |
| Maximum deflection rate (m/s) | 2.74 |
| Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) | 0.28 |
| Pelvis | |
| Iliac force (kN) | 0.1 |
| Acetabulum force (kN) | 1.4 |
| Combined force (kN) | 1.4 |
| Left femur | |
| L-M force (kN) | 0.7 |
| L-M moment (Nm) | 137 |
| A-P moment (Nm) | -25 |
Roof strength
Rating applies to 2003-14 models
Tested vehicle: 2010 Volvo XC90 4-door 4wd
| Overall evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Curb weight | 4,718 lbs |
| Peak force | 21,274 lbs |
| Strength-to-weight ratio | 4.51 |
Head restraints & seats
Seat type: All seats
| Overall evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Dynamic rating | |
| Seat/head restraint geometry |
| Seat type | All seats |
|---|---|
| Geometry | |
| Backset (mm) | 25 |
| Distance below top of head (mm) | 25 |
| Seat design parameters | |
| Pass/fail | Pass |
| Max T1 acceleration (g) | 9.0 |
| Head contact time (ms) | 87 |
| Force rating | 1 |
| Neck forces | |
| Max neck shear force (N) | 13 |
| Max neck tension (N) | 433 |
About the head restraint & seat test
Currently, IIHS tests apply only to front seats.