Top Safety Pick +

2016 BMW 2 series

midsize luxury car / 2-door coupe

Award applies only to vehicles with optional front crash prevention

Crashworthiness

Rating overview
Evaluation criteria	Rating
Small overlap front: driver-side
Moderate overlap front: original test
Side: original test
Roof strength
Head restraints & seats

Crash avoidance & mitigation

Evaluation criteria	Rating
Headlights (varies by trim/option)
Front crash prevention: vehicle-to-vehicle
Optional system	Advanced

Seat belts & child restraints

Evaluation criteria	Rating
LATCH ease of use

Other available safety features

Optional lane departure warning

Key

G
Good
A
Acceptable
M
Marginal
P
Poor

Superior
Advanced
Basic

Some ratings use a scale of Poor to Good. Others range from Basic to Superior.

Small overlap front: driver-side

Rating applies to 2014-21 models

Tested vehicle: 2014 BMW 228i 2-door

The BMW 1 series was redesigned for the 2014 model year and renamed the 2 series.

Evaluation criteria	Rating

Structure and safety cage
Driver injury measures
Head/neck
Chest
Hip/thigh
Lower leg/foot
Driver restraints and dummy kinematics

Action shot taken during the small overlap frontal crash test.

The dummy's position in relation to the door frame, steering wheel, and instrument panel after the crash test indicates that the driver's survival space was maintained reasonably well.

The frontal and side curtain airbags worked well together to keep the head from coming close to any stiff structure or outside objects that could cause injury.

Except for footrest and left toepan intrusion, the driver's space was maintained reasonably well, and risk of injuries to the dummy's legs and feet was low.

Technical measurements for this test

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Test ID	CEN1409
Lower occupant compartment
Lower hinge pillar max (cm)	10
Footrest (cm)	29
Left toepan (cm)	28
Brake pedal (cm)	18
Parking brake (cm)
Rocker panel lateral average (cm)	0
Upper occupant compartment
Steering column	0
Upper hinge pillar max (cm)	8
Upper dash (cm)	7
Lower instrument panel (cm)	8

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Test ID	CEN1409
Head
HIC-15	269
Peak gs at hard contact	no contact
Neck
Tension (kN)	0.8
Extension bending moment (Nm)	21
Maximum Nij	0.27
Chest maximum compression (mm)	17
Femur (kN)
Left	2.0
Right	1.9
Knee displacement (mm)
Left	4
Right	5
Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%)
Left	0
Right	0
Maximum tibia index
Left	0.67
Right	0.76
Tibia axial force (kN)
Left	3.7
Right	3.5
Foot acceleration (g)
Left	136
Right	83

About the small overlap front test

Moderate overlap front: original test

Rating applies to 2014-21 models

Tested vehicle: 2014 BMW 228i 2-door

The BMW 1 series was redesigned for the 2014 model year and renamed the 2 series.

Evaluation criteria	Rating
Overall evaluation
Structure and safety cage
Driver injury measures
Head/neck
Chest
Leg/foot, left
Leg/foot, right
Driver restraints and dummy kinematics

Action shot taken during the moderate overlap frontal crash test.

The dummy's position in relation to the steering wheel and instrument panel after the crash test indicates that the driver's survival space was maintained very well.

Smeared greasepaint shows where the driver dummy's head was protected from hitting hard structures during rebound by the side curtain airbag.

Intrusion into the driver's space was minimal, and all leg and foot injury measures were low.

Technical measurements for this test

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Test ID	CEF1401
Footwell intrusion
Footrest (cm)	1
Left (cm)	1
Center (cm)	1
Right (cm)	1
Brake pedal (cm)	1
Instrument panel rearward movement
Left (cm)	0
Right (cm)	0
Steering column movement
Upward (cm)	-1
Rearward (cm)	-6
A-pillar rearward movement (cm)	0

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Test ID	CEF1401
Head
HIC-15	122
Peak gs at hard contact	no contact
Neck
Tension (kN)	0.7
Extension bending moment (Nm)	12
Maximum Nij	0.19
Chest maximum compression (mm)	19
Legs
Femur force - left (kN)	0.9
Femur force - right (kN)	1.4
Knee displacement - left (mm)	1
Knee displacement - right (mm)	1
Maximum tibia index - left	0.34
Maximum tibia index - right	0.35
Tibia axial force - left (kN)	2.2
Tibia axial force - right (kN)	3.3
Foot acceleration (g)
Left	48
Right	54

About the original moderate overlap front test

Side: original test

Rating applies to 2014-21 models

Tested vehicle: 2014 BMW 228i 2-door with standard front and rear head curtain airbags and standard front seat-mounted torso airbags

The BMW 1 series was redesigned for the 2014 model year and renamed the 2 series.

Evaluation criteria	Rating
Overall evaluation
Structure and safety cage
Driver injury measures
Head/neck
Torso
Pelvis/leg
Driver head protection
Rear passenger injury measures
Head/neck
Torso
Pelvis/leg
Rear passenger head protection

View of the vehicle and barrier just after the crash test.

View of the vehicle after the crash with door removed, showing the side airbags and damage to the occupant compartment.

Smeared greasepaint shows where the driver dummy's head was protected from being hit by hard structures by the side curtain airbag.

Smeared greasepaint shows where the rear passenger dummy’s head was protected by the side airbag. During rebound, the dummy's head and torso slid out from the shoulder belt and moved across the seat, but this motion does not cause any significant risk of injury.

Technical measurements for this test

Test ID	CES1401
B-pillar to longitudinal centerline of driver's seat (cm)	-23.5
Negative numbers indicate the amount by which the crush stopped short of the seat centerline.

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Test ID	CES1401
Head HIC-15	208
Neck
Tension (kN)	0.7
Compression (kN)	0.2
Shoulder
Lateral deflection (mm)	36
Lateral force (kN)	1.5
Torso
Maximum deflection (mm)	37
Average deflection (mm)	33
Maximum deflection rate (m/s)	3.50
Maximum viscous criterion (m/s)	0.65
Pelvis
Iliac force (kN)	0.9
Acetabulum force (kN)	2.0
Combined force (kN)	2.8
Left femur
L-M force (kN)	0.2
L-M moment (Nm)	165
A-P moment (Nm)	20

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Test ID	CES1401
Head HIC-15	325
Neck
Tension (kN)	0.5
Compression (kN)	0.5
Shoulder
Lateral deflection (mm)	32
Lateral force (kN)	1.2
Torso
Maximum deflection (mm)	18
Average deflection (mm)	13
Maximum deflection rate (m/s)	1.42
Maximum viscous criterion (m/s)	0.14
Pelvis
Iliac force (kN)	3.5
Acetabulum force (kN)	1.6
Combined force (kN)	5.1
Left femur
L-M force (kN)	0.3
L-M moment (Nm)	70
A-P moment (Nm)	24

About the original side crash test

Roof strength

Rating applies to 2014-21 models

Tested vehicle: 2014 BMW 228i 2-door

Overall evaluation
Curb weight	3,311 lbs
Peak force	16,504 lbs
Strength-to-weight ratio	4.98

About the roof strength test

Head restraints & seats

Seat type: Power leather seat

Overall evaluation
Dynamic rating
Seat/head restraint geometry

Technical measurements for this test

Seat type	Power leather seat
Geometry
Backset (mm)	32
Distance below top of head (mm)	20
Seat design parameters
Pass/fail	Pass
Max T1 acceleration (g)	14.8
Head contact time (ms)	62
Force rating	1
Neck forces
Max neck shear force (N)	39
Max neck tension (N)	612

About the head restraint & seat test
Currently, IIHS tests apply only to front seats.

Headlights

Ratings are given for 4 different headlight variations available on this vehicle.

Trim level(s)

228 trim equipped with Lighting and Driver Assistance packages

Evaluation criteria	Rating
Low-beam headlight type	HID projector
High-beam headlight type	HID projector
Curve-adaptive?	Yes
High-beam assist?	Yes
Overall rating
Distance at which headlights provide at least 5 lux illumination:

Low beams
On the straightaway, visibility was inadequate on both sides of the road. On curves, visibility was good on both right curves and inadequate on both left curves.

The low beams never exceeded glare limits.

High beams
On the straightaway, visibility was good on the right side of the road and fair on the left side. On curves, visibility was good on the gradual left and both right curves and fair on the sharp left curve.

High-beam assist compensates for some limitations of this vehicle's low beams on the straightaway and on both left curves.

Technical measurements for this test

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Trim level(s)	228 trim equipped with Lighting and Driver Assistance packages
Low-beam headlight type	HID projector
High-beam headlight type	HID projector
Curve-adaptive?	Yes
High-beam assist?	Yes
Overall rating Applies to 2016 models

LOW BEAMS	Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux)	Amount glare exceeded threshold
Straightaway right edge	77.0 m	None
Straightaway left edge	29.2 m	None
250m radius right curve, right edge	76.7 m	None
250m radius left curve, left edge	40.5 m	None
150m radius right curve, right edge	63.2 m	None
150m radius left curve, left edge	38.1 m	None

HIGH BEAMS	Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux)
Straightaway right edge	150.7 m
Straightaway left edge	128.8 m
250m radius right curve, right edge	85.6 m
250m radius left curve, left edge	77.8 m
150m radius right curve, right edge	66.9 m
150m radius left curve, left edge	63.7 m

Trim level(s)

228 trim equipped with Lighting package

Evaluation criteria	Rating
Low-beam headlight type	HID projector
High-beam headlight type	HID projector
Curve-adaptive?	Yes
High-beam assist?	No
Overall rating
Distance at which headlights provide at least 5 lux illumination:

Low beams
On the straightaway, visibility was inadequate on both sides of the road. On curves, visibility was good on both right curves and inadequate on both left curves.

The low beams never exceeded glare limits.

Technical measurements for this test

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Trim level(s)	228 trim equipped with Lighting package
Low-beam headlight type	HID projector
High-beam headlight type	HID projector
Curve-adaptive?	Yes
High-beam assist?	No
Overall rating Applies to 2016 models

LOW BEAMS	Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux)	Amount glare exceeded threshold
Straightaway right edge	77.0 m	None
Straightaway left edge	29.2 m	None
250m radius right curve, right edge	76.7 m	None
250m radius left curve, left edge	40.5 m	None
150m radius right curve, right edge	63.2 m	None
150m radius left curve, left edge	38.1 m	None

HIGH BEAMS	Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux)
Straightaway right edge	150.7 m
Straightaway left edge	128.8 m
250m radius right curve, right edge	85.6 m
250m radius left curve, left edge	77.8 m
150m radius right curve, right edge	66.9 m
150m radius left curve, left edge	63.7 m

Trim level(s)

228 trim equipped with Driver Assistance Plus package

Evaluation criteria	Rating
Low-beam headlight type	Halogen reflector
High-beam headlight type	Halogen reflector
Curve-adaptive?	No
High-beam assist?	Yes
Overall rating
Distance at which headlights provide at least 5 lux illumination:

Low beams
On the straightaway, visibility was inadequate on both sides of the road. On curves, visibility was inadequate in all 4 tests.

The low beams never exceeded glare limits.

High beams
On the straightaway, visibility was fair on the right side of the road and inadequate on the left side. On curves, visibility was inadequate in all 4 tests.

High-beam assist compensates for some limitations of this vehicle's low beams on the straightaway and all 4 curves.

Technical measurements for this test

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Trim level(s)	228 trim equipped with Driver Assistance Plus package
Low-beam headlight type	Halogen reflector
High-beam headlight type	Halogen reflector
Curve-adaptive?	No
High-beam assist?	Yes
Overall rating Applies to 2016 models

LOW BEAMS	Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux)	Amount glare exceeded threshold
Straightaway right edge	53.4 m	None
Straightaway left edge	19.5 m	None
250m radius right curve, right edge	32.7 m	None
250m radius left curve, left edge	28.6 m	None
150m radius right curve, right edge	27.1 m	None
150m radius left curve, left edge	25.6 m	None

HIGH BEAMS	Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux)
Straightaway right edge	128.9 m
Straightaway left edge	113.0 m
250m radius right curve, right edge	51.1 m
250m radius left curve, left edge	55.1 m
150m radius right curve, right edge	40.0 m
150m radius left curve, left edge	42.9 m

Trim level(s)

228 trim

Evaluation criteria	Rating
Low-beam headlight type	Halogen reflector
High-beam headlight type	Halogen reflector
Curve-adaptive?	No
High-beam assist?	No
Overall rating
Distance at which headlights provide at least 5 lux illumination:

Low beams
On the straightaway, visibility was inadequate on both sides of the road. On curves, visibility was inadequate in all 4 tests.

The low beams never exceeded glare limits.

High beams
On the straightaway, visibility was fair on the right side of the road and inadequate on the left side. On curves, visibility was inadequate in all 4 tests.

Technical measurements for this test

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Trim level(s)	228 trim
Low-beam headlight type	Halogen reflector
High-beam headlight type	Halogen reflector
Curve-adaptive?	No
High-beam assist?	No
Overall rating Applies to 2016 models

LOW BEAMS	Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux)	Amount glare exceeded threshold
Straightaway right edge	53.4 m	None
Straightaway left edge	19.5 m	None
250m radius right curve, right edge	32.7 m	None
250m radius left curve, left edge	28.6 m	None
150m radius right curve, right edge	27.1 m	None
150m radius left curve, left edge	25.6 m	None

HIGH BEAMS	Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux)
Straightaway right edge	128.9 m
Straightaway left edge	113.0 m
250m radius right curve, right edge	51.1 m
250m radius left curve, left edge	55.1 m
150m radius right curve, right edge	40.0 m
150m radius left curve, left edge	42.9 m

About the headlight evaluation

Front crash prevention: vehicle-to-vehicle

System details

Optional Collision Warning with City Braking Function

Package name

Optional Driver Assistance Plus

Overall evaluation

Applies to 2014-16 models

Advanced

with optional equipment

This system meets the requirements for forward collision warning.
In the 12 mph test, impact speed was reduced by 10 mph.
In the 25 mph test, impact speed was reduced by 7 mph.

About the original front crash prevention test

Child seat anchors

Rating applies to 2016-21 models

Evaluation criteria	Rating
Overall evaluation
Vehicle trim	228i
Seat type	leather

This vehicle has 2 rear seating positions with complete child seat attachment (LATCH) hardware.

Evaluation criteria	Rating
Overall evaluation
Vehicle trim	228i
Seat type	leather

Rating icon	Rating
G	Good
A	Acceptable
M	Marginal
P	Poor
	Seating positions that rely on borrowed lower anchors or have only a tether anchor available are not rated.
thether anchor symbol	Tether anchor
lower anchor symbol	Lower anchors
shared lower achors symbol	Lower anchor(s) can be borrowed from adjacent positions(s)
	No hardware available

Details by seating position

Position	Rating
1
1	Tether anchor
	easy-to-find location
	no other hardware could be confused for anchor
	Lower anchors
	not too deep in seat
	not too much force needed to attach
	easy to maneuver around anchors
3
3	Tether anchor
	easy-to-find location
	no other hardware could be confused for anchor
	Lower anchors
	not too deep in seat
	not too much force needed to attach
	easy to maneuver around anchors

Technical measurements for this test

Lower anchor A
Open access rated	Yes
Depth	Visible
Force (lbs)	10
Clearance angle (degrees)	58
Lower anchor B
Open access rated	Yes
Depth	Visible
Force (lbs)	6
Clearance angle (degrees)	60
Tether anchor
Location	Rear deck
Confusing hardware present	No
Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor	No
Tether anchors can be accessed while seatback is properly positioned for use of LATCH	Not measured

Lower anchor A
Open access rated	Yes
Depth	Visible
Force (lbs)	1
Clearance angle (degrees)	62
Lower anchor B
Open access rated	Yes
Depth	Visible
Force (lbs)	5
Clearance angle (degrees)	57
Tether anchor
Location	Rear deck
Confusing hardware present	No
Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor	No
Tether anchors can be accessed while seatback is properly positioned for use of LATCH	Not measured

About the child seat anchor evaluation