Small overlap front: driver-side
Rating applies to 2009-16 models
Tested vehicle: 2014 Lincoln MKS 4-door
The Lincoln MKS was introduced in the 2009 model year.
| Overall evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Structure and safety cage | |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Chest | |
| Hip/thigh | |
| Lower leg/foot | |
| Driver restraints and dummy kinematics The dummy’s head barely contacted the frontal airbag before sliding off the left side as the steering column moved 15 cm to the right, contributing to the head hitting the instrument panel. The side curtain airbag deployed and has sufficient forward coverage to protect the head from contact with side structure and outside objects. The side torso airbag also deployed. |
Action shot taken during the small overlap frontal crash test.
The dummy's position in relation to the door frame, steering wheel, and instrument panel after the crash test indicates that the driver's survival space was not maintained well.
The dummy's head and torso barely contacted the airbag before sliding off to the left as the steering column moved to the right, and the head hit the intruding instrument panel.
Door hinge pillar, door sill, and instrument panel intrusion was extensive and contributed to a high risk of injury to the left hip and a moderate risk to the left knee and left lower leg.
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
| Test ID | CEN1435 |
|---|---|
| Lower occupant compartment | |
| Lower hinge pillar max (cm) | 30 |
| Footrest (cm) | 20 |
| Left toepan (cm) | 25 |
| Brake pedal (cm) | 14 |
| Parking brake (cm) | 25 |
| Rocker panel lateral average (cm) | 13 |
| Upper occupant compartment | |
| Steering column | 13 |
| Upper hinge pillar max (cm) | 29 |
| Upper dash (cm) | 24 |
| Lower instrument panel (cm) | 20 |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | CEN1435 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 82 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | 36 |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 1.2 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 11 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.25 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 19 |
| Femur (kN) | |
| Left | 6.6 |
| Right | 2.1 |
| Knee displacement (mm) | |
| Left | 13 |
| Right | 2 |
| Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | |
| Left | 30 |
| Right | 0 |
| Maximum tibia index | |
| Left | 0.90 |
| Right | 0.62 |
| Tibia axial force (kN) | |
| Left | 1.4 |
| Right | 0.9 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | |
| Left | 43 |
| Right | 50 |
Moderate overlap front: original test
Rating applies to 2009-16 models
Tested vehicle: 2009 Lincoln MKS Ultimate 4-door
The Lincoln MKS was introduced in the 2009 model year. Frontal ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test conducted by Ford.
| Overall evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Structure and safety cage | |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Chest | |
| Leg/foot, left | |
| Leg/foot, right | |
| Driver restraints and dummy kinematics |
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
| Test ID | VTF0810 |
|---|---|
| Footwell intrusion | |
| Footrest (cm) | 4 |
| Left (cm) | 6 |
| Center (cm) | 8 |
| Right (cm) | 7 |
| Brake pedal (cm) | 5 |
| Instrument panel rearward movement | |
| Left (cm) | 2 |
| Right (cm) | 2 |
| Steering column movement | |
| Upward (cm) | 3 |
| Rearward (cm) | 1 |
| A-pillar rearward movement (cm) | 2 |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | VTF0810 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 189 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 0.1 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 8 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.31 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 30 |
| Legs | |
| Femur force - left (kN) | 0.9 |
| Femur force - right (kN) | 1.4 |
| Knee displacement - left (mm) | 2 |
| Knee displacement - right (mm) | 0 |
| Maximum tibia index - left | 0.33 |
| Maximum tibia index - right | 0.72 |
| Tibia axial force - left (kN) | 1.9 |
| Tibia axial force - right (kN) | 3.2 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | |
| Left | 44 |
| Right | 58 |
Side: original test
Rating applies to 2009-16 models
Tested vehicle: 2009 Lincoln MKS 4-door with standard front and rear head curtain airbags and standard front seat-mounted torso airbags
The Lincoln MKS was introduced in the 2009 model year.
| Overall evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Structure and safety cage | |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Torso | |
| Pelvis/leg | |
| Driver head protection | |
| Rear passenger injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Torso | |
| Pelvis/leg | |
| Rear passenger head protection | |
View of the vehicle and barrier just after the crash test.
View of the vehicle after the crash with doors removed, showing the side airbags and damage to the occupant compartment.
Smeared greasepaint shows where the driver dummy's head was protected from being hit by hard structures by the side curtain airbag.
Smeared greasepaint shows where the rear passenger dummy’s head was protected by the side airbag.
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
| Test ID | CES0834 |
|---|---|
| B-pillar to longitudinal centerline of driver's seat (cm) | -13.5 |
| Negative numbers indicate the amount by which the crush stopped short of the seat centerline. | |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | CES0834 |
|---|---|
| Head HIC-15 | 106 |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 0.7 |
| Compression (kN) | 0.0 |
| Shoulder | |
| Lateral deflection (mm) | 25 |
| Lateral force (kN) | 1.2 |
| Torso | |
| Maximum deflection (mm) | 29 |
| Average deflection (mm) | 23 |
| Maximum deflection rate (m/s) | 2.85 |
| Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) | 0.42 |
| Pelvis | |
| Iliac force (kN) | 1.9 |
| Acetabulum force (kN) | 3.0 |
| Combined force (kN) | 4.8 |
| Left femur | |
| L-M force (kN) | 0.3 |
| L-M moment (Nm) | 103 |
| A-P moment (Nm) | 46 |
Passenger injury measures
| Test ID | CES0834 |
|---|---|
| Head HIC-15 | 163 |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 0.1 |
| Compression (kN) | 0.3 |
| Shoulder | |
| Lateral deflection (mm) | 25 |
| Lateral force (kN) | 1.2 |
| Torso | |
| Maximum deflection (mm) | 24 |
| Average deflection (mm) | 18 |
| Maximum deflection rate (m/s) | 2.75 |
| Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) | 0.22 |
| Pelvis | |
| Iliac force (kN) | 0.3 |
| Acetabulum force (kN) | 1.9 |
| Combined force (kN) | 2.1 |
| Left femur | |
| L-M force (kN) | 0.5 |
| L-M moment (Nm) | 222 |
| A-P moment (Nm) | 33 |
Roof strength
Rating applies to 2009-16 models
Tested vehicle: 2010 Lincoln MKS 4-door
| Overall evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Curb weight | 4,172 lbs |
| Peak force | 17,461 lbs |
| Strength-to-weight ratio | 4.19 |
Head restraints & seats
Seat type: Power leather seats
| Overall evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Dynamic rating | |
| Seat/head restraint geometry |
| Seat type | Power leather seats |
|---|---|
| Geometry | |
| Backset (mm) | 25 |
| Distance below top of head (mm) | 22 |
| Seat design parameters | |
| Pass/fail | Pass |
| Max T1 acceleration (g) | 10.1 |
| Head contact time (ms) | 58 |
| Force rating | 1 |
| Neck forces | |
| Max neck shear force (N) | 16 |
| Max neck tension (N) | 545 |
About the head restraint & seat test
Currently, IIHS tests apply only to front seats.