2019 Volvo S90

Rating overview
Evaluation criteria	Rating
Small overlap front: driver-side
Small overlap front: passenger-side
Moderate overlap front: original test
Side: original test
Roof strength
Head restraints & seats

Evaluation criteria	Rating
Headlights (varies by trim/option)
Front crash prevention: vehicle-to-vehicle
Standard system	Superior

Evaluation criteria	Rating
LATCH ease of use

Small overlap front: driver-side

Rating applies to 2017-25 models

Tested vehicle: 2017 Volvo S90 T6 Inscription 4-door 4wd

The Volvo S90 was introduced in the 2017 model year as a replacement for the Volvo S80. These ratings also apply to two wagons, the Volvo V90 and V90 Cross Country, and the Volvo S90 Recharge, a plug-in hybrid variant of the S90 sedan. Beginning with 2025 models, the S90 Recharge became known as the S90 plug-in hybrid.

Evaluation criteria	Rating

Structure and safety cage
Driver injury measures
Head/neck
Chest
Hip/thigh
Lower leg/foot
Driver restraints and dummy kinematics

Action shot taken during the small overlap frontal crash test.

The dummy's position in relation to the door frame, steering wheel, and instrument panel after the crash test indicates that the driver's survival space was maintained very well.

The frontal and side curtain airbags worked well together to keep the head from coming close to any stiff structure or outside objects that could cause injury.

The driver's space was maintained well, and risk of injuries to the dummy's legs and feet was low.

Technical measurements for this test

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Test ID	CEN1633
Lower occupant compartment
Lower hinge pillar max (cm)	2
Footrest (cm)	2
Left toepan (cm)	2
Brake pedal (cm)	4
Parking brake (cm)
Rocker panel lateral average (cm)	0
Upper occupant compartment
Steering column	0
Upper hinge pillar max (cm)	1
Upper dash (cm)	1
Lower instrument panel (cm)	1

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Test ID	CEN1633
Head
HIC-15	76
Peak gs at hard contact	not meas.
Neck
Tension (kN)	0.4
Extension bending moment (Nm)	13
Maximum Nij	0.12
Chest maximum compression (mm)	16
Femur (kN)
Left	0.9
Right	0.7
Knee displacement (mm)
Left	0
Right	1
Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%)
Left	0
Right	0
Maximum tibia index
Left	0.52
Right	0.44
Tibia axial force (kN)
Left	2.9
Right	0.6
Foot acceleration (g)
Left	40
Right	26

About the small overlap front test

Small overlap front: passenger-side

Rating applies to 2018-25 models

Tested vehicle: 2018 Volvo S90 4-door 2wd

The Volvo S90 was introduced in the 2017 model year as a replacement for the Volvo S80. Beginning with the 2018 model year, a longer-wheelbase variant replaced the short-wheelbase version. These ratings also apply to two wagons, the Volvo V90 and V90 Cross Country, and the Volvo S90 Recharge, a plug-in hybrid variant of the S90 sedan. Beginning with 2025 models, the S90 Recharge became known as the S90 plug-in hybrid. Passenger-side small overlap frontal ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test of a 2018 S90 conducted by Volvo.

Evaluation criteria	Rating
Overall evaluation
Structure and safety cage
Passenger injury measures
Head/neck
Chest
Hip/thigh
Lower leg/foot
Passenger restraints and dummy kinematics The dummy’s head contacted the right side of the frontal airbag but began to move into the gap between the frontal and side curtain airbags, leaving the head vulnerable to contact with forward structure. The inflated side curtain airbag has sufficient forward coverage to protect the head from contact with side structure and outside objects. The side torso airbag also deployed.
Driver injury measures
Head/neck
Chest
Hip/thigh
Lower leg/foot
Driver restraints and dummy kinematics

Technical measurements for this test

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Test ID	VTP1914
Lower occupant compartment
Lower hinge pillar max (cm)	1
Footrest (cm)	1
Right toepan (cm)	1
Center toepan (cm)	2
Rocker panel lateral average (cm)	0
Upper occupant compartment
Center dash (cm)	1
Upper hinge pillar max (cm)	1
Upper dash (cm)	1
Right lower dash (cm)	1

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Test ID	VTP1914
Head
HIC-15	79
Peak gs at hard contact	no contact
Neck
Tension (kN)	0.8
Extension bending moment (Nm)	17
Maximum Nij	0.29
Chest maximum compression (mm)	21
Femur (kN)
Left	0.3
Right	0.5
Knee displacement (mm)
Left	0
Right	1
Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%)
Left	0
Right	0
Maximum tibia index
Left	0.40
Right	0.52
Tibia axial force (kN)
Left	2.2
Right	2.1
Foot acceleration (g)
Left	46
Right	31

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Test ID	VTP1914
Head
HIC-15	46
Peak gs at hard contact	no contact
Neck
Tension (kN)	0.9
Extension bending moment (Nm)	14
Maximum Nij	0.17
Chest maximum compression (mm)	22
Femur (kN)
Left	0.8
Right	1.4
Knee displacement (mm)
Left	2
Right	1
Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%)
Left	0
Right	0
Maximum tibia index
Left	0.26
Right	0.28
Tibia axial force (kN)
Left	0.6
Right	1.5
Foot acceleration (g)
Left	no data
Right	no data

About the small overlap front test

Moderate overlap front: original test

Rating applies to 2017-25 models

Tested vehicle: 2017 Volvo S90 T6 4-door 4wd

The Volvo S90 was introduced in the 2017 model year as a replacement for the Volvo S80. These ratings also apply to two wagons, the Volvo V90 and V90 Cross Country, and the Volvo S90 Recharge, a plug-in hybrid variant of the S90 sedan. Beginning with 2025 models, the S90 Recharge became known as the S90 plug-in hybrid. Moderate overlap frontal ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test conducted by Volvo.

Evaluation criteria	Rating
Overall evaluation
Structure and safety cage
Driver injury measures
Head/neck
Chest
Leg/foot, left
Leg/foot, right
Driver restraints and dummy kinematics

Technical measurements for this test

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Test ID	VTF1625
Footwell intrusion
Footrest (cm)	1
Left (cm)	1
Center (cm)	1
Right (cm)	1
Brake pedal (cm)	3
Instrument panel rearward movement
Left (cm)	0
Right (cm)	0
Steering column movement
Upward (cm)	-1
Rearward (cm)	-6
A-pillar rearward movement (cm)	0

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Test ID	VTF1625
Head
HIC-15	114
Peak gs at hard contact	30
Neck
Tension (kN)	1.0
Extension bending moment (Nm)	9
Maximum Nij	0.22
Chest maximum compression (mm)	27
Legs
Femur force - left (kN)	1.3
Femur force - right (kN)	0.6
Knee displacement - left (mm)	0
Knee displacement - right (mm)	1
Maximum tibia index - left	0.51
Maximum tibia index - right	0.35
Tibia axial force - left (kN)	3.7
Tibia axial force - right (kN)	1.9
Foot acceleration (g)
Left	73
Right	51

About the original moderate overlap front test

Side: original test

Rating applies to 2018-25 models

Tested vehicle: 2018 Volvo S90 T5 Momentum 4-door 2wd

The Volvo S90 was introduced in the 2017 model year as a replacement for the Volvo S80. Beginning with the 2018 model year, a longer-wheelbase variant replaced the short-wheelbase version that was tested during the 2017 model year. Two side tests of a 2018 Volvo S90 were conducted, one by the Institute and the other by Volvo. Ratings are based on both tests and apply to two wagons, the Volvo V90 and V90 Cross Country, and the Volvo S90 Recharge, a plug-in hybrid variant of the S90 sedan. Beginning with 2025 models, the S90 Recharge became known as the S90 plug-in hybrid.

Evaluation criteria	Rating
Overall evaluation
Structure and safety cage
Driver injury measures
Head/neck
Torso
Pelvis/leg
Driver head protection
Rear passenger injury measures
Head/neck
Torso
Pelvis/leg
Rear passenger head protection

View of the vehicle and barrier just after the Institute's crash test.

View of the vehicle after the crash with doors removed, showing the side airbags and damage to the occupant compartment (Institute test car shown).

Smeared greasepaint shows where the driver dummy's head was protected from being hit by hard structures by the side curtain airbag in the Institute's test.

Smeared greasepaint shows where the rear passenger dummy’s head was protected by the side airbag.

Technical measurements for this test

Test ID	CES1808	VTS1805
B-pillar to longitudinal centerline of driver's seat (cm)	-19.0	-19.5
Negative numbers indicate the amount by which the crush stopped short of the seat centerline.

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Test ID	CES1808	VTS1805
Head HIC-15	119	175
Neck
Tension (kN)	0.9	0.9
Compression (kN)	0.5	0.3
Shoulder
Lateral deflection (mm)	35	35
Lateral force (kN)	1.8	1.5
Torso
Maximum deflection (mm)	40	41
Average deflection (mm)	37	39
Maximum deflection rate (m/s)	3.81	4.05
Maximum viscous criterion (m/s)	0.82	0.78
Pelvis
Iliac force (kN)	1.4	1.5
Acetabulum force (kN)	1.3	1.5
Combined force (kN)	2.6	2.9
Left femur
L-M force (kN)	0.5	0.8
L-M moment (Nm)	185	182
A-P moment (Nm)	38	57

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Test ID	CES1808	VTS1805
Head HIC-15	144	82
Neck
Tension (kN)	0.3	0.4
Compression (kN)	1.1	0.9
Shoulder
Lateral deflection (mm)	18	20
Lateral force (kN)	1.0	1.0
Torso
Maximum deflection (mm)	15	18
Average deflection (mm)	13	13
Maximum deflection rate (m/s)	1.63	1.31
Maximum viscous criterion (m/s)	0.11	0.07
Pelvis
Iliac force (kN)	0.1	0.5
Acetabulum force (kN)	1.6	0.8
Combined force (kN)	1.7	1.3
Left femur
L-M force (kN)	0.6	0.6
L-M moment (Nm)	99	41
A-P moment (Nm)	-28	-29

About the original side crash test

Roof strength

Rating applies to 2017-23 models

Tested vehicle: 2017 Volvo S90 T6 Inscription 4-door 4wd

Rating applies to the S90 short-wheelbase model (tested) and the structurally similar S90 long-wheelbase model.

Overall evaluation
Curb weight	4,140 lbs
Peak force	21,877 lbs
Strength-to-weight ratio	5.28

About the roof strength test

Head restraints & seats

Seat type: Power leather seat

Overall evaluation
Dynamic rating
Seat/head restraint geometry

Technical measurements for this test

Seat type	Power leather seat
Geometry
Backset (mm)	19
Distance below top of head (mm)	10
Seat design parameters
Pass/fail	Pass
Max T1 acceleration (g)	10.0
Head contact time (ms)	49
Force rating	1
Neck forces
Max neck shear force (N)	10
Max neck tension (N)	242

About the head restraint & seat test
Currently, IIHS tests apply only to front seats.

Headlights

Ratings are given for 2 different headlight variations available on this vehicle.

Trim level(s)

Momentum trim

Evaluation criteria	Rating
Low-beam headlight type	LED reflector
High-beam headlight type	LED reflector
Curve-adaptive?	No
High-beam assist?	Yes
Overall rating
Distance at which headlights provide at least 5 lux illumination:

Low beams
On the straightaway, visibility was good on the right side of the road and fair on the left side. On curves, visibility was good on both right curves and inadequate on both left curves.

The low beams created some glare.

High beams
On the straightaway, visibility was good on both sides of the road. On curves, visibility was good on the gradual right and gradual left curves and fair on the sharp right and sharp left curves.

High-beam assist compensates for some limitations of this vehicle's low beams on the straightaway and all 4 curves.

Technical measurements for this test

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Trim level(s)	Momentum trim
Low-beam headlight type	LED reflector
High-beam headlight type	LED reflector
Curve-adaptive?	No
High-beam assist?	Yes
Overall rating Applies to 2018-19 models

LOW BEAMS	Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux)	Amount glare exceeded threshold
Straightaway right edge	98.1 m	None
Straightaway left edge	51.2 m	None
250m radius right curve, right edge	67.4 m	48.1%
250m radius left curve, left edge	45.1 m	None
150m radius right curve, right edge	57.4 m	97.4%
150m radius left curve, left edge	44.8 m	None

HIGH BEAMS	Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux)
Straightaway right edge	167.0 m
Straightaway left edge	157.9 m
250m radius right curve, right edge	80.2 m
250m radius left curve, left edge	76.0 m
150m radius right curve, right edge	61.8 m
150m radius left curve, left edge	59.8 m

Trim level(s)

Momentum trim equipped with Momentum Plus package
Inscription trim

Evaluation criteria	Rating
Low-beam headlight type	LED reflector
High-beam headlight type	LED reflector
Curve-adaptive?	Yes
High-beam assist?	Yes
Overall rating
Distance at which headlights provide at least 5 lux illumination:

Low beams
On the straightaway, visibility was fair on the right side of the road and inadequate on the left side. On curves, visibility was fair on the sharp right curve and inadequate on the gradual right and both left curves.

The low beams never exceeded glare limits.

High beams
On the straightaway, visibility was good on the right side of the road and inadequate on the left side. On curves, visibility was good on the gradual right curve, fair on the gradual left and sharp right curves, and inadequate on the sharp left curve.

High-beam assist compensates for some limitations of this vehicle's low beams on the straightaway and all 4 curves.

Technical measurements for this test

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Trim level(s)	Momentum trim equipped with Momentum Plus package Inscription trim
Low-beam headlight type	LED reflector
High-beam headlight type	LED reflector
Curve-adaptive?	Yes
High-beam assist?	Yes
Overall rating Applies to 2017-19 models

LOW BEAMS	Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux)	Amount glare exceeded threshold
Straightaway right edge	80.6 m	None
Straightaway left edge	26.1 m	None
250m radius right curve, right edge	49.3 m	None
250m radius left curve, left edge	30.6 m	None
150m radius right curve, right edge	45.5 m	None
150m radius left curve, left edge	33.4 m	None

HIGH BEAMS	Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux)
Straightaway right edge	145.6 m
Straightaway left edge	120.1 m
250m radius right curve, right edge	78.4 m
250m radius left curve, left edge	73.6 m
150m radius right curve, right edge	57.5 m
150m radius left curve, left edge	54.9 m

About the headlight evaluation

Front crash prevention: vehicle-to-vehicle

System details

Standard City Safety

Overall evaluation

Applies to 2017-21 models

Superior

This system meets the requirements for forward collision warning.
In the 12 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision.
In the 25 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision.

About the original front crash prevention test

Child seat anchors

Rating applies to 2017-25 models

Evaluation criteria	Rating
Overall evaluation
Vehicle trim	T6 Inscription
Seat type	leather

This vehicle has 2 rear seating positions with complete child seat attachment (LATCH) hardware.

It has 1 additional seating position with a tether anchor only.

Evaluation criteria	Rating
Overall evaluation
Vehicle trim	T6 Inscription
Seat type	leather

Rating icon	Rating
G	Good
A	Acceptable
M	Marginal
P	Poor
	Seating positions that rely on borrowed lower anchors or have only a tether anchor available are not rated.
thether anchor symbol	Tether anchor
lower anchor symbol	Lower anchors
shared lower achors symbol	Lower anchor(s) can be borrowed from adjacent positions(s)
	No hardware available

Details by seating position

Position	Rating
1
1	Tether anchor
	easy-to-find location
	no other hardware could be confused for anchor
	Lower anchors
	not too deep in seat
	not too much force needed to attach
	difficult to maneuver around anchors
2
2	Tether anchor
	easy-to-find location
	no other hardware could be confused for anchor
	Lower anchors
	none available
3
3	Tether anchor
	easy-to-find location
	no other hardware could be confused for anchor
	Lower anchors
	not too deep in seat
	not too much force needed to attach
	difficult to maneuver around anchors

Technical measurements for this test

Lower anchor A
Open access rated	Yes
Depth	Visible
Force (lbs)	0
Clearance angle (degrees)	46
Lower anchor B
Open access rated	Yes
Depth	Visible
Force (lbs)	0
Clearance angle (degrees)	46
Tether anchor
Location	Rear deck
Confusing hardware present	No
Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor	Yes
Tether anchors can be accessed while seatback is properly positioned for use of LATCH	Not measured

Lower anchor A
No lower latch for this seat position
Lower anchor B
No lower latch for this seat position
Tether anchor
Location	Rear deck
Confusing hardware present	No
Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor	Yes
Tether anchors can be accessed while seatback is properly positioned for use of LATCH	Not measured

Lower anchor A
Open access rated	Yes
Depth	Visible
Force (lbs)	0
Clearance angle (degrees)	49
Lower anchor B
Open access rated	Yes
Depth	Visible
Force (lbs)	0
Clearance angle (degrees)	47
Tether anchor
Location	Rear deck
Confusing hardware present	No
Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor	Yes
Tether anchors can be accessed while seatback is properly positioned for use of LATCH	Not measured

About the child seat anchor evaluation

2019 Volvo S90

large luxury car / 4-door sedan

Crashworthiness

Crash avoidance & mitigation

Seat belts & child restraints

Other available safety features

Small overlap front: driver-side

Small overlap front: passenger-side

Moderate overlap front: original test

Side: original test

Roof strength

Head restraints & seats

Headlights

Trim level(s)

Trim level(s)

Front crash prevention: vehicle-to-vehicle

System details

Overall evaluation

Child seat anchors