Small overlap front: driver-side
Rating applies to 2015-18 models
Tested vehicle: 2012 Volvo S60 T5 4-door
The Volvo S60 was redesigned for the 2011 model year. The small overlap frontal crash test ratings also apply to the station wagon version of the S60, known as the Volvo V60, introduced in the 2015 model year.
| Overall evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Structure and safety cage | |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Chest | |
| Hip/thigh | |
| Lower leg/foot | |
|
Driver restraints and dummy kinematics
The dummy’s head contacted the frontal airbag but slid left into a gap in coverage between the frontal and side curtain airbags, leaving the head vulnerable to contact with forward side structure and outside objects, despite good stability of the steering column. This gap is mainly due to a combination of the narrow, asymmetric frontal airbag and a curtain airbag that doesn't extend sufficiently forward. The side torso airbag deployed. |
Action shot taken during the small overlap frontal crash test.
The dummy's position in relation to the door frame, steering wheel, and instrument panel after the crash test indicates that the driver's survival space was maintained very well.
During the crash, the dummy's head slipped into the gap between the narrow frontal airbag and the side curtain airbag, which does not extend far enough forward.
Intrusion into the driver's space was minimal, and risk of injuries to the dummy's legs and feet was low.
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
| Test ID | CEN1207 |
|---|---|
| Lower occupant compartment | |
| Lower hinge pillar max (cm) | 8 |
| Footrest (cm) | 5 |
| Left toepan (cm) | 4 |
| Brake pedal (cm) | 5 |
| Parking brake (cm) | 0 |
| Rocker panel lateral average (cm) | 3 |
| Upper occupant compartment | |
| Steering column | 3 |
| Upper hinge pillar max (cm) | 7 |
| Upper dash (cm) | 6 |
| Lower instrument panel (cm) | 5 |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | CEN1207 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 86 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 0.9 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 18 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.25 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 16 |
| Femur (kN) | |
| Left | 0.2 |
| Right | 0.1 |
| Knee displacement (mm) | |
| Left | 1 |
| Right | 0 |
| Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | |
| Left | 0 |
| Right | 0 |
| Maximum tibia index | |
| Left | 0.45 |
| Right | 0.54 |
| Tibia axial force (kN) | |
| Left | 1.8 |
| Right | 0.7 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | |
| Left | 42 |
| Right | 39 |
Moderate overlap front: original test
Rating applies to 2015-18 models
Tested vehicle: 2011 Volvo S60 4-door
The Volvo S60 was redesigned for the 2011 model year. Moderate overlap ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test conducted by Volvo.
The moderate overlap frontal crash test ratings also apply to the station wagon version of the S60, known as the Volvo V60, introduced in the 2015 model year.
| Overall evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Structure and safety cage | |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Chest | |
| Leg/foot, left | |
| Leg/foot, right | |
| Driver restraints and dummy kinematics |
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
| Test ID | VTF1017 |
|---|---|
| Footwell intrusion | |
| Footrest (cm) | 1 |
| Left (cm) | 1 |
| Center (cm) | 2 |
| Right (cm) | 4 |
| Brake pedal (cm) | 1 |
| Instrument panel rearward movement | |
| Left (cm) | 0 |
| Right (cm) | 0 |
| Steering column movement | |
| Upward (cm) | -1 |
| Rearward (cm) | -8 |
| A-pillar rearward movement (cm) | 0 |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | VTF1017 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 329 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 1.2 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 4 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.23 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 22 |
| Legs | |
| Femur force - left (kN) | 0.2 |
| Femur force - right (kN) | 0.1 |
| Knee displacement - left (mm) | 0 |
| Knee displacement - right (mm) | 0 |
| Maximum tibia index - left | 0.27 |
| Maximum tibia index - right | 0.57 |
| Tibia axial force - left (kN) | 1.8 |
| Tibia axial force - right (kN) | 2.1 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | |
| Left | 42 |
| Right | 51 |
Side: original test
Rating applies to 2015-18 models
Tested vehicle: 2012 Volvo S60 T5 4-door with standard front and rear head curtain airbags and standard front seat-mounted torso airbags
The Volvo S60 was redesigned for the 2011 model year. The side crash test ratings also apply to the station wagon version of the S60, known as the Volvo V60, introduced in the 2015 model year.
| Overall evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Structure and safety cage | |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Torso | |
| Pelvis/leg | |
| Driver head protection | |
| Rear passenger injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Torso | |
| Pelvis/leg | |
| Rear passenger head protection | |
View of the vehicle and barrier just after the crash test.
View of the vehicle after the crash with doors removed, showing the side airbags and damage to the occupant compartment.
Smeared greasepaint shows where the driver dummy's head was protected from being hit by hard structures by the side airbags.
Smeared greasepaint shows where the rear passenger dummy’s head was protected by the side airbag.
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
| Test ID | CES1106 |
|---|---|
| B-pillar to longitudinal centerline of driver's seat (cm) | -15.5 |
| Negative numbers indicate the amount by which the crush stopped short of the seat centerline. | |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | CES1106 |
|---|---|
| Head HIC-15 | 94 |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 1.1 |
| Compression (kN) | 0.5 |
| Shoulder | |
| Lateral deflection (mm) | 25 |
| Lateral force (kN) | 1.4 |
| Torso | |
| Maximum deflection (mm) | 29 |
| Average deflection (mm) | 27 |
| Maximum deflection rate (m/s) | 6.68 |
| Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) | 0.83 |
| Pelvis | |
| Iliac force (kN) | 1.4 |
| Acetabulum force (kN) | 0.8 |
| Combined force (kN) | 1.8 |
| Left femur | |
| L-M force (kN) | 0.9 |
| L-M moment (Nm) | 124 |
| A-P moment (Nm) | 16 |
Passenger injury measures
| Test ID | CES1106 |
|---|---|
| Head HIC-15 | 434 |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 0.4 |
| Compression (kN) | 0.2 |
| Shoulder | |
| Lateral deflection (mm) | 44 |
| Lateral force (kN) | 1.6 |
| Torso | |
| Maximum deflection (mm) | 36 |
| Average deflection (mm) | 31 |
| Maximum deflection rate (m/s) | 3.56 |
| Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) | 0.52 |
| Pelvis | |
| Iliac force (kN) | 0.4 |
| Acetabulum force (kN) | 1.9 |
| Combined force (kN) | 1.9 |
| Left femur | |
| L-M force (kN) | 0.6 |
| L-M moment (Nm) | 249 |
| A-P moment (Nm) | 27 |
Roof strength
Rating applies to 2015-18 models
Tested vehicle: 2012 Volvo S60 T5 4-door
Rating applies to both the Volvo S60 4-door sedan (tested) and the structurally similar Volvo V60 station wagon.
| Overall evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Curb weight | 3,563 lbs |
| Peak force | 17,650 lbs |
| Strength-to-weight ratio | 4.95 |
Head restraints & seats
Seat type: All Seats
| Overall evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Dynamic rating | |
| Seat/head restraint geometry |
| Seat type | All Seats |
|---|---|
| Geometry | |
| Backset (mm) | 7 |
| Distance below top of head (mm) | 11 |
| Seat design parameters | |
| Pass/fail | Pass |
| Max T1 acceleration (g) | 8.4 |
| Head contact time (ms) | 81 |
| Force rating | 1 |
| Neck forces | |
| Max neck shear force (N) | 42 |
| Max neck tension (N) | 245 |
About the head restraint & seat test
Currently, IIHS tests apply only to front seats.
Headlights
Ratings are given for 3 different headlight variations available on this vehicle.
Trim level(s)
- Platinum trim
| Low-beam headlight type | HID projector |
|---|---|
| High-beam headlight type | Halogen reflector |
| Curve-adaptive? | Yes |
| High-beam assist? | Yes |
|
Overall rating | |
| Distance at which headlights provide at least 5 lux illumination: | |
Low beams
On the straightaway, visibility was good on the left side of the road and inadequate on the right side. On curves, visibility was good on both right curves and fair on both left curves.
The low beams never exceeded glare limits.
High beams
On the straightaway, visibility was good on the right side of the road and inadequate on the left side. On curves, visibility was good on both right curves and fair on both left curves.
High-beam assist compensates for some limitations of this vehicle's low beams on the straightaway and on both left curves.
| Trim level(s) |
|
|---|---|
| Low-beam headlight type | HID projector |
| High-beam headlight type | Halogen reflector |
| Curve-adaptive? | Yes |
| High-beam assist? | Yes |
|
Overall rating Applies to 2016-18 models |
| LOW BEAMS | Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux) |
Amount glare exceeded threshold |
|---|---|---|
| Straightaway right edge | 71.8 m | None |
| Straightaway left edge | 55.4 m | None |
| 250m radius right curve, right edge | 91.8 m | None |
| 250m radius left curve, left edge | 56.1 m | None |
| 150m radius right curve, right edge | 75.8 m | None |
| 150m radius left curve, left edge | 53.8 m | None |
| HIGH BEAMS | Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux) |
|---|---|
| Straightaway right edge | 145.4 m |
| Straightaway left edge | 108.3 m |
| 250m radius right curve, right edge | 93.6 m |
| 250m radius left curve, left edge | 73.7 m |
| 150m radius right curve, right edge | 76.5 m |
| 150m radius left curve, left edge | 63.5 m |
Trim level(s)
- Premier trim equipped with Technology package
| Low-beam headlight type | Halogen reflector |
|---|---|
| High-beam headlight type | Halogen reflector |
| Curve-adaptive? | No |
| High-beam assist? | Yes |
|
Overall rating | |
| Distance at which headlights provide at least 5 lux illumination: | |
Low beams
On the straightaway, visibility was inadequate on both sides of the road. On curves, visibility was inadequate in all 4 tests.
The low beams never exceeded glare limits.
High beams
On the straightaway, visibility was good on the right side of the road and fair on the left side. On curves, visibility was inadequate in all 4 tests.
High-beam assist compensates for some limitations of this vehicle's low beams on the straightaway and all 4 curves.
| Trim level(s) |
|
|---|---|
| Low-beam headlight type | Halogen reflector |
| High-beam headlight type | Halogen reflector |
| Curve-adaptive? | No |
| High-beam assist? | Yes |
|
Overall rating Applies to 2016 models |
| LOW BEAMS | Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux) |
Amount glare exceeded threshold |
|---|---|---|
| Straightaway right edge | 56.6 m | None |
| Straightaway left edge | 31.8 m | None |
| 250m radius right curve, right edge | 42.5 m | None |
| 250m radius left curve, left edge | 34.6 m | None |
| 150m radius right curve, right edge | 36.5 m | None |
| 150m radius left curve, left edge | 31.8 m | None |
| HIGH BEAMS | Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux) |
|---|---|
| Straightaway right edge | 171.8 m |
| Straightaway left edge | 141.5 m |
| 250m radius right curve, right edge | 59.7 m |
| 250m radius left curve, left edge | 55.6 m |
| 150m radius right curve, right edge | 48.7 m |
| 150m radius left curve, left edge | 46.1 m |
Trim level(s)
- Premier trim
| Low-beam headlight type | Halogen reflector |
|---|---|
| High-beam headlight type | Halogen reflector |
| Curve-adaptive? | No |
| High-beam assist? | No |
|
Overall rating | |
| Distance at which headlights provide at least 5 lux illumination: | |
Low beams
On the straightaway, visibility was inadequate on both sides of the road. On curves, visibility was inadequate in all 4 tests.
The low beams never exceeded glare limits.
High beams
On the straightaway, visibility was good on the right side of the road and fair on the left side. On curves, visibility was inadequate in all 4 tests.
| Trim level(s) |
|
|---|---|
| Low-beam headlight type | Halogen reflector |
| High-beam headlight type | Halogen reflector |
| Curve-adaptive? | No |
| High-beam assist? | No |
|
Overall rating Applies to 2016-18 models |
| LOW BEAMS | Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux) |
Amount glare exceeded threshold |
|---|---|---|
| Straightaway right edge | 56.6 m | None |
| Straightaway left edge | 31.8 m | None |
| 250m radius right curve, right edge | 42.5 m | None |
| 250m radius left curve, left edge | 34.6 m | None |
| 150m radius right curve, right edge | 36.5 m | None |
| 150m radius left curve, left edge | 31.8 m | None |
| HIGH BEAMS | Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux) |
|---|---|
| Straightaway right edge | 171.8 m |
| Straightaway left edge | 141.5 m |
| 250m radius right curve, right edge | 59.7 m |
| 250m radius left curve, left edge | 55.6 m |
| 150m radius right curve, right edge | 48.7 m |
| 150m radius left curve, left edge | 46.1 m |
Front crash prevention: vehicle-to-vehicle
Ratings are given for 2 different trim variations available on this vehicle.
Child seat anchors
Rating applies to 2016-18 models
| Overall evaluation | |
| Vehicle trim | Cross Country T5 |
| Seat type | leather |
This vehicle has 2 rear seating positions with complete child seat attachment (LATCH) hardware.
It has 1 additional seating position with a tether anchor only.
| Overall evaluation | |
| Vehicle trim | Cross Country T5 |
| Seat type | leather |
| G | Good |
| A | Acceptable |
| M | Marginal |
| P | Poor |
| Seating positions that rely on borrowed lower anchors or have only a tether anchor available are not rated. | |
thether anchor symbol | Tether anchor |
lower anchor symbol | Lower anchors |
| Lower anchor(s) can be borrowed from adjacent positions(s) | |
| No hardware available |
Details by seating position
| 1 | |
|---|---|
| Tether anchor | |
| easy-to-find location | |
| other hardware could be confused for anchor | |
| Lower anchors | |
| too deep in seat | |
| not too much force needed to attach | |
| easy to maneuver around anchors | |
| 2 | |
| Tether anchor | |
| easy-to-find location | |
| other hardware could be confused for anchor | |
| Lower anchors | |
| none available | |
| 3 | |
| Tether anchor | |
| easy-to-find location | |
| other hardware could be confused for anchor | |
| Lower anchors | |
| too deep in seat | |
| not too much force needed to attach | |
| easy to maneuver around anchors |
Seat position 21
| Lower anchor A | |
|---|---|
| Open access rated | No |
| Depth (cm) | 4-6 |
| Force (lbs) | 14 |
| Clearance angle (degrees) | 57 |
| Lower anchor B | |
| Open access rated | No |
| Depth (cm) | 4-6 |
| Force (lbs) | 38 |
| Clearance angle (degrees) | 66 |
| Tether anchor | |
| Location | Middle seatback |
| Confusing hardware present | Yes |
| Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor |
No |
| Tether anchors can be accessed while seatback is properly positioned for use of LATCH |
Not measured |
Seat position 22
| Lower anchor A | |
|---|---|
| No lower latch for this seat position | |
| Lower anchor B | |
| No lower latch for this seat position | |
| Tether anchor | |
| Location | Middle seatback |
| Confusing hardware present | Yes |
| Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor |
No |
| Tether anchors can be accessed while seatback is properly positioned for use of LATCH |
Not measured |
Seat position 23
| Lower anchor A | |
|---|---|
| Open access rated | No |
| Depth (cm) | 4-6 |
| Force (lbs) | 30 |
| Clearance angle (degrees) | 58 |
| Lower anchor B | |
| Open access rated | No |
| Depth (cm) | 4-6 |
| Force (lbs) | 32 |
| Clearance angle (degrees) | 59 |
| Tether anchor | |
| Location | Middle seatback |
| Confusing hardware present | Yes |
| Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor |
No |
| Tether anchors can be accessed while seatback is properly positioned for use of LATCH |
Not measured |