2018 Volvo XC90
midsize luxury SUV / 4-door SUV
Small overlap front: driver-side
Rating applies to 2016-24 models
Tested vehicle: 2016 Volvo XC90 T6 Momentum Plus 4-door 4wd
The Volvo XC90 was redesigned for the 2016 model year after a one-year absence from the market and a plug-in hybrid electric variant was introduced. Beginning with 2021 models the plug-in hybrid electric variant became known as the Volvo XC90 Recharge but has since reverted back to its previous name of plug-in hybrid for the 2025 model year.
| Overall evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Structure and safety cage | |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Chest | |
| Hip/thigh | |
| Lower leg/foot | |
| Driver restraints and dummy kinematics |
Action shot taken during the small overlap frontal crash test.
The dummy's position in relation to the door frame, steering wheel, and instrument panel after the crash test indicates that the driver's survival space was maintained very well.
The frontal and side curtain airbags worked well together to keep the head from coming close to any stiff structure or outside objects that could cause injury. (The loose object in the upper right is a small plastic trim part that dislodged during the impact.)
The driver's space was maintained well, and risk of injuries to the dummy's legs and feet was low.
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
| Test ID | CEN1543 |
|---|---|
| Lower occupant compartment | |
| Lower hinge pillar max (cm) | 4 |
| Footrest (cm) | 2 |
| Left toepan (cm) | 2 |
| Brake pedal (cm) | 4 |
| Parking brake (cm) | |
| Rocker panel lateral average (cm) | 2 |
| Upper occupant compartment | |
| Steering column | 0 |
| Upper hinge pillar max (cm) | 4 |
| Upper dash (cm) | 2 |
| Lower instrument panel (cm) | 2 |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | CEN1543 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 37 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 0.5 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 14 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.14 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 16 |
| Femur (kN) | |
| Left | 0.4 |
| Right | 0.7 |
| Knee displacement (mm) | |
| Left | 1 |
| Right | 0 |
| Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | |
| Left | 0 |
| Right | 0 |
| Maximum tibia index | |
| Left | 0.24 |
| Right | 0.41 |
| Tibia axial force (kN) | |
| Left | 1.1 |
| Right | 0.2 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | |
| Left | 27 |
| Right | 16 |
Small overlap front: passenger-side
Rating applies to 2016-24 models
Tested vehicle: 2018 Volvo XC90 T6 Momentum 4-door 4wd
The Volvo XC90 was redesigned for the 2016 model year after a one-year absence from the market and a plug-in hybrid electric variant was introduced. Beginning with 2021 models the plug-in hybrid electric variant became known as the Volvo XC90 Recharge but has since reverted back to its previous name of plug-in hybrid for the 2025 model year. Passenger-side small overlap frontal ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test conducted by Volvo.
| Overall evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Structure and safety cage | |
| Passenger injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Chest | |
| Hip/thigh | |
| Lower leg/foot | |
| Passenger restraints and dummy kinematics | |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Chest | |
| Hip/thigh | |
| Lower leg/foot | |
| Driver restraints and dummy kinematics |
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on passenger side
| Test ID | VTP1917 |
|---|---|
| Lower occupant compartment | |
| Lower hinge pillar max (cm) | 8 |
| Footrest (cm) | 5 |
| Right toepan (cm) | 4 |
| Center toepan (cm) | 3 |
| Rocker panel lateral average (cm) | 4 |
| Upper occupant compartment | |
| Center dash (cm) | 3 |
| Upper hinge pillar max (cm) | 6 |
| Upper dash (cm) | 5 |
| Right lower dash (cm) | 4 |
Passenger injury measures
| Test ID | VTP1917 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 55 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 0.9 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 19 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.21 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 17 |
| Femur (kN) | |
| Left | 0.2 |
| Right | 0.3 |
| Knee displacement (mm) | |
| Left | 0 |
| Right | 0 |
| Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | |
| Left | 0 |
| Right | 0 |
| Maximum tibia index | |
| Left | 0.41 |
| Right | 0.74 |
| Tibia axial force (kN) | |
| Left | 0.6 |
| Right | 0.7 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | |
| Left | 27 |
| Right | 23 |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | VTP1917 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 54 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 0.8 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 12 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.17 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 28 |
| Femur (kN) | |
| Left | 0.4 |
| Right | 0.7 |
| Knee displacement (mm) | |
| Left | 1 |
| Right | 2 |
| Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | |
| Left | 0 |
| Right | 0 |
| Maximum tibia index | |
| Left | 0.37 |
| Right | 0.21 |
| Tibia axial force (kN) | |
| Left | 0.1 |
| Right | 0.5 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | |
| Left | 26 |
| Right | 29 |
Moderate overlap front: original test
Rating applies to 2016-24 models
Tested vehicle: 2016 Volvo XC90 T6 Momentum 4-door 4wd
The Volvo XC90 was redesigned for the 2016 model year after a one-year absence from the market and a plug-in hybrid electric variant was introduced. Beginning with 2021 models the plug-in hybrid electric variant became known as the Volvo XC90 Recharge but has since reverted back to its previous name of plug-in hybrid for the 2025 model year. Moderate overlap frontal ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test conducted by Volvo.
| Overall evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Structure and safety cage | |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Chest | |
| Leg/foot, left | |
| Leg/foot, right | |
| Driver restraints and dummy kinematics |
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
| Test ID | VTF1507 |
|---|---|
| Footwell intrusion | |
| Footrest (cm) | 1 |
| Left (cm) | 2 |
| Center (cm) | 2 |
| Right (cm) | 3 |
| Brake pedal (cm) | 3 |
| Instrument panel rearward movement | |
| Left (cm) | 0 |
| Right (cm) | 0 |
| Steering column movement | |
| Upward (cm) | -2 |
| Rearward (cm) | -6 |
| A-pillar rearward movement (cm) | 1 |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | VTF1507 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 174 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 0.9 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 6 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.25 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 31 |
| Legs | |
| Femur force - left (kN) | 1.0 |
| Femur force - right (kN) | 1.8 |
| Knee displacement - left (mm) | 2 |
| Knee displacement - right (mm) | 5 |
| Maximum tibia index - left | 0.41 |
| Maximum tibia index - right | 0.39 |
| Tibia axial force - left (kN) | 1.9 |
| Tibia axial force - right (kN) | 3.1 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | |
| Left | 39 |
| Right | 76 |
Side: original test
Rating applies to 2016-23 models
Tested vehicle: 2016 Volvo XC90 T6 Momentum 4-door 4wd
The Volvo XC90 was redesigned for the 2016 model year after a one-year absence from the market and a plug-in hybrid electric variant was introduced. Beginning with 2021 models the plug-in hybrid electric variant became known as the Volvo XC90 Recharge. Side ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test conducted by Volvo.
| Overall evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Structure and safety cage | |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Torso | |
| Pelvis/leg | |
| Driver head protection | |
| Rear passenger injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Torso | |
| Pelvis/leg | |
| Rear passenger head protection | |
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
| Test ID | VTS1507 |
|---|---|
| B-pillar to longitudinal centerline of driver's seat (cm) | -26.0 |
| Negative numbers indicate the amount by which the crush stopped short of the seat centerline. | |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | VTS1507 |
|---|---|
| Head HIC-15 | 233 |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 1.1 |
| Compression (kN) | 0.2 |
| Shoulder | |
| Lateral deflection (mm) | 27 |
| Lateral force (kN) | 1.3 |
| Torso | |
| Maximum deflection (mm) | 39 |
| Average deflection (mm) | 36 |
| Maximum deflection rate (m/s) | 3.73 |
| Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) | 0.60 |
| Pelvis | |
| Iliac force (kN) | 1.5 |
| Acetabulum force (kN) | 1.4 |
| Combined force (kN) | 2.7 |
| Left femur | |
| L-M force (kN) | 0.6 |
| L-M moment (Nm) | 62 |
| A-P moment (Nm) | 16 |
Passenger injury measures
| Test ID | VTS1507 |
|---|---|
| Head HIC-15 | 82 |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 0.4 |
| Compression (kN) | 0.3 |
| Shoulder | |
| Lateral deflection (mm) | 29 |
| Lateral force (kN) | 1.5 |
| Torso | |
| Maximum deflection (mm) | 20 |
| Average deflection (mm) | 13 |
| Maximum deflection rate (m/s) | 2.74 |
| Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) | 0.19 |
| Pelvis | |
| Iliac force (kN) | 1.3 |
| Acetabulum force (kN) | 2.1 |
| Combined force (kN) | 3.2 |
| Left femur | |
| L-M force (kN) | 0.5 |
| L-M moment (Nm) | 54 |
| A-P moment (Nm) | -36 |
Roof strength
Rating applies to 2016-23 models
Tested vehicle: 2016 Volvo XC90 T6 Momentum 4-door 4wd
| Overall evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Curb weight | 4,516 lbs |
| Peak force | 23,396 lbs |
| Strength-to-weight ratio | 5.18 |
Head restraints & seats
Seat type: Power leather seat
| Overall evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Dynamic rating | |
| Seat/head restraint geometry |
| Seat type | Power leather seat |
|---|---|
| Geometry | |
| Backset (mm) | 34 |
| Distance below top of head (mm) | -2 |
| Seat design parameters | |
| Pass/fail | Pass |
| Max T1 acceleration (g) | 11.2 |
| Head contact time (ms) | 54 |
| Force rating | 1 |
| Neck forces | |
| Max neck shear force (N) | 0 |
| Max neck tension (N) | 378 |
About the head restraint & seat test
Currently, IIHS tests apply only to front seats.
Headlights
Ratings are given for 4 different headlight variations available on this vehicle.
Trim level(s)
- Momentum trim equipped with Momentum Plus package; built after March 2018
- R-Design trim; built after March 2018
- Inscription trim; built after March 2018
| Low-beam headlight type | LED reflector |
|---|---|
| High-beam headlight type | LED reflector |
| Curve-adaptive? | Yes |
| High-beam assist? | Yes |
|
Overall rating | |
| Distance at which headlights provide at least 5 lux illumination: | |
Low beams
On the straightaway, visibility was fair on the right side of the road and inadequate on the left side. On curves, visibility was good on the sharp right curve, fair on the gradual right curve and inadequate on both left curves.
The low beams never exceeded glare limits.
High beams
On the straightaway, visibility was good on the right side of the road and fair on the left side. On curves, visibility was good on the gradual right and gradual left curves and fair on the sharp right and sharp left curves.
High-beam assist compensates for some limitations of this vehicle's low beams on the straightaway and all 4 curves.
| Trim level(s) |
|
|---|---|
| Low-beam headlight type | LED reflector |
| High-beam headlight type | LED reflector |
| Curve-adaptive? | Yes |
| High-beam assist? | Yes |
|
Overall rating Applies to 2018-25 models built after March 2018 |
| LOW BEAMS | Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux) |
Amount glare exceeded threshold |
|---|---|---|
| Straightaway right edge | 84.3 m | None |
| Straightaway left edge | 44.4 m | None |
| 250m radius right curve, right edge | 58.5 m | None |
| 250m radius left curve, left edge | 45.7 m | None |
| 150m radius right curve, right edge | 56.1 m | None |
| 150m radius left curve, left edge | 44.5 m | None |
| HIGH BEAMS | Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux) |
|---|---|
| Straightaway right edge | 152.2 m |
| Straightaway left edge | 129.4 m |
| 250m radius right curve, right edge | 82.9 m |
| 250m radius left curve, left edge | 79.6 m |
| 150m radius right curve, right edge | 63.8 m |
| 150m radius left curve, left edge | 59.8 m |
Trim level(s)
- Momentum trim; built after March 2018
| Low-beam headlight type | LED reflector |
|---|---|
| High-beam headlight type | LED reflector |
| Curve-adaptive? | No |
| High-beam assist? | Yes |
|
Overall rating | |
| Distance at which headlights provide at least 5 lux illumination: | |
Low beams
On the straightaway, visibility was fair on the right side of the road and inadequate on the left side. On curves, visibility was fair on the sharp right curve and inadequate on the gradual right and both left curves.
The low beams created some glare.
High beams
On the straightaway, visibility was good on the right side of the road and fair on the left side. On curves, visibility was good on the gradual left and gradual right curves and fair on the sharp right and sharp left curves.
High-beam assist compensates for some limitations of this vehicle's low beams on the straightaway and all 4 curves.
| Trim level(s) |
|
|---|---|
| Low-beam headlight type | LED reflector |
| High-beam headlight type | LED reflector |
| Curve-adaptive? | No |
| High-beam assist? | Yes |
|
Overall rating Applies to 2018-20 models built after March 2018 |
| LOW BEAMS | Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux) |
Amount glare exceeded threshold |
|---|---|---|
| Straightaway right edge | 84.3 m | None |
| Straightaway left edge | 44.4 m | None |
| 250m radius right curve, right edge | 54.0 m | None |
| 250m radius left curve, left edge | 43.6 m | None |
| 150m radius right curve, right edge | 50.3 m | 8.3% |
| 150m radius left curve, left edge | 40.8 m | None |
| HIGH BEAMS | Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux) |
|---|---|
| Straightaway right edge | 152.2 m |
| Straightaway left edge | 129.4 m |
| 250m radius right curve, right edge | 83.8 m |
| 250m radius left curve, left edge | 80.1 m |
| 150m radius right curve, right edge | 63.0 m |
| 150m radius left curve, left edge | 59.7 m |
Trim level(s)
- Momentum trim equipped with Momentum Plus package; built before April 2018
- R-Design trim; built before April 2018
- Inscription trim; built before April 2018
| Low-beam headlight type | LED reflector |
|---|---|
| High-beam headlight type | LED reflector |
| Curve-adaptive? | Yes |
| High-beam assist? | Yes |
|
Overall rating | |
| Distance at which headlights provide at least 5 lux illumination: | |
Low beams
On the straightaway, visibility was inadequate on both sides of the road. On curves, visibility was fair on both right curves and inadequate on both left curves.
The low beams never exceeded glare limits.
High beams
On the straightaway, visibility was good on the right side of the road and inadequate on the left side. On curves, visibility was good on the gradual right and gradual left curves and fair on the sharp right and sharp left curves.
High-beam assist compensates for some limitations of this vehicle's low beams on the straightaway and all 4 curves.
| Trim level(s) |
|
|---|---|
| Low-beam headlight type | LED reflector |
| High-beam headlight type | LED reflector |
| Curve-adaptive? | Yes |
| High-beam assist? | Yes |
|
Overall rating Applies to 2017-18 models built before April 2018 |
| LOW BEAMS | Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux) |
Amount glare exceeded threshold |
|---|---|---|
| Straightaway right edge | 75.1 m | None |
| Straightaway left edge | 34.2 m | None |
| 250m radius right curve, right edge | 56.0 m | None |
| 250m radius left curve, left edge | 37.3 m | None |
| 150m radius right curve, right edge | 52.2 m | None |
| 150m radius left curve, left edge | 37.4 m | None |
| HIGH BEAMS | Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux) |
|---|---|
| Straightaway right edge | 150.6 m |
| Straightaway left edge | 122.5 m |
| 250m radius right curve, right edge | 81.0 m |
| 250m radius left curve, left edge | 79.2 m |
| 150m radius right curve, right edge | 62.0 m |
| 150m radius left curve, left edge | 61.2 m |
Trim level(s)
- Momentum trim; built before April 2018
| Low-beam headlight type | LED reflector |
|---|---|
| High-beam headlight type | LED reflector |
| Curve-adaptive? | No |
| High-beam assist? | Yes |
|
Overall rating | |
| Distance at which headlights provide at least 5 lux illumination: | |
Low beams
On the straightaway, visibility was inadequate on both sides of the road. On curves, visibility was inadequate in all 4 tests.
The low beams never exceeded glare limits.
High beams
On the straightaway, visibility was good on the right side of the road and inadequate on the left side. On curves, visibility was fair on the gradual left and both right curves and inadequate on the sharp left curve.
High-beam assist compensates for some limitations of this vehicle's low beams on the straightaway and all 4 curves.
| Trim level(s) |
|
|---|---|
| Low-beam headlight type | LED reflector |
| High-beam headlight type | LED reflector |
| Curve-adaptive? | No |
| High-beam assist? | Yes |
|
Overall rating Applies to 2017-18 models built before April 2018 |
| LOW BEAMS | Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux) |
Amount glare exceeded threshold |
|---|---|---|
| Straightaway right edge | 73.1 m | None |
| Straightaway left edge | 31.6 m | None |
| 250m radius right curve, right edge | 46.9 m | None |
| 250m radius left curve, left edge | 33.6 m | None |
| 150m radius right curve, right edge | 41.5 m | None |
| 150m radius left curve, left edge | 32.7 m | None |
| HIGH BEAMS | Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux) |
|---|---|
| Straightaway right edge | 159.5 m |
| Straightaway left edge | 126.2 m |
| 250m radius right curve, right edge | 73.9 m |
| 250m radius left curve, left edge | 70.5 m |
| 150m radius right curve, right edge | 55.4 m |
| 150m radius left curve, left edge | 52.2 m |
Front crash prevention: vehicle-to-vehicle
Child seat anchors
Rating applies to 2016-24 models
| Overall evaluation | |
| Vehicle trim | T6 Momentum |
| Seat type | leather |
This vehicle has 2 rear seating positions with complete child seat attachment (LATCH) hardware.
It has 1 additional seating position with a tether anchor only.
| Overall evaluation | |
| Vehicle trim | T6 Momentum |
| Seat type | leather |
| G | Good |
| A | Acceptable |
| M | Marginal |
| P | Poor |
| Seating positions that rely on borrowed lower anchors or have only a tether anchor available are not rated. | |
thether anchor symbol | Tether anchor |
lower anchor symbol | Lower anchors |
| Lower anchor(s) can be borrowed from adjacent positions(s) | |
| No hardware available |
Details by seating position
| 1 | |
|---|---|
| Tether anchor | |
| easy-to-find location | |
| no other hardware could be confused for anchor | |
| Lower anchors | |
| too deep in seat | |
| not too much force needed to attach | |
| easy to maneuver around anchors | |
| 2 | |
| Tether anchor | |
| easy-to-find location | |
| other hardware could be confused for anchor | |
| Lower anchors | |
| none available | |
| 3 | |
| Tether anchor | |
| easy-to-find location | |
| no other hardware could be confused for anchor | |
| Lower anchors | |
| too deep in seat | |
| not too much force needed to attach | |
| easy to maneuver around anchors |
Seat position 21
| Lower anchor A | |
|---|---|
| Open access rated | No |
| Depth (cm) | 2-4 |
| Force (lbs) | 37 |
| Clearance angle (degrees) | 66 |
| Lower anchor B | |
| Open access rated | No |
| Depth (cm) | 2-4 |
| Force (lbs) | 33 |
| Clearance angle (degrees) | 65 |
| Tether anchor | |
| Location | Middle seatback |
| Confusing hardware present | Yes |
| Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor |
Yes |
| Tether anchors can be accessed while seatback is properly positioned for use of LATCH |
Not measured |
Seat position 22
| Lower anchor A | |
|---|---|
| No lower latch for this seat position | |
| Lower anchor B | |
| No lower latch for this seat position | |
| Tether anchor | |
| Location | Middle seatback |
| Confusing hardware present | Yes |
| Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor |
No |
| Tether anchors can be accessed while seatback is properly positioned for use of LATCH |
Not measured |
Seat position 23
| Lower anchor A | |
|---|---|
| Open access rated | No |
| Depth (cm) | 4-6 |
| Force (lbs) | 37 |
| Clearance angle (degrees) | 58 |
| Lower anchor B | |
| Open access rated | No |
| Depth (cm) | 2-4 |
| Force (lbs) | 37 |
| Clearance angle (degrees) | 64 |
| Tether anchor | |
| Location | Middle seatback |
| Confusing hardware present | Yes |
| Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor |
Yes |
| Tether anchors can be accessed while seatback is properly positioned for use of LATCH |
Not measured |