Small overlap front: driver-side
Rating applies to 2019-24 models
Tested vehicle: 2019 Toyota RAV4 XLE 4-door 4wd
The Toyota RAV4 was redesigned for the 2019 model year. The Toyota Venza was re-introduced to the market as a small SUV in the 2021 model year and shares the same platform as the RAV4. Driver-side small overlap frontal ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test of a 2019 RAV4 conducted by Toyota.
Overall evaluation | |
---|---|
Structure and safety cage | |
Driver injury measures | |
Head/neck | |
Chest | |
Hip/thigh | |
Lower leg/foot | |
Driver restraints and dummy kinematics |
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
Test ID | VTN1819 |
---|---|
Lower occupant compartment | |
Lower hinge pillar max (cm) | 2 |
Footrest (cm) | 2 |
Left toepan (cm) | 3 |
Brake pedal (cm) | 3 |
Parking brake (cm) | |
Rocker panel lateral average (cm) | 2 |
Upper occupant compartment | |
Steering column | 1 |
Upper hinge pillar max (cm) | 1 |
Upper dash (cm) | 2 |
Lower instrument panel (cm) | 2 |
Driver injury measures
Test ID | VTN1819 |
---|---|
Head | |
HIC-15 | 293 |
Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
Neck | |
Tension (kN) | 1.3 |
Extension bending moment (Nm) | 10 |
Maximum Nij | 0.26 |
Chest maximum compression (mm) | 25 |
Femur (kN) | |
Left | 0.8 |
Right | 0.8 |
Knee displacement (mm) | |
Left | 1 |
Right | 2 |
Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | |
Left | 0 |
Right | 0 |
Maximum tibia index | |
Left | 0.63 |
Right | 0.36 |
Tibia axial force (kN) | |
Left | 2.4 |
Right | 2.2 |
Foot acceleration (g) | |
Left | 82 |
Right | 38 |
Small overlap front: passenger-side
Rating applies to 2019-24 models
Tested vehicle: 2019 Toyota RAV4 LE 4-door 4wd
The Toyota RAV4 was redesigned for the 2019 model year. The Toyota Venza was re-introduced to the market as a small SUV in the 2021 model year and shares the same platform as the RAV4. Two passenger-side small overlap frontal tests of the RAV4 were conducted, one by the Institute and the other by Toyota. Ratings are based on both tests, but the vehicle specifications shown below are based on the Institute’s test.
Overall evaluation | |
---|---|
Structure and safety cage | |
Passenger injury measures | |
Head/neck | |
Chest | |
Hip/thigh | |
Lower leg/foot | |
Passenger restraints and dummy kinematics | |
Driver injury measures | |
Head/neck | |
Chest | |
Hip/thigh | |
Lower leg/foot | |
Driver restraints and dummy kinematics |
Action shot taken during the Institute's passenger-side small overlap frontal crash test.
The dummy's position in relation to the door frame and dashboard after the crash test indicates that the passenger's survival space was maintained very well (Institute test car shown).
The frontal and side curtain airbags worked well together to keep the head from coming close to any stiff structure or outside objects that could cause injury (Institute test shown).
The passenger's space was maintained well in both tests, and in the Institute's test, risk of injuries to the dummy's legs and feet was low. (Risk of injury to the left lower leg was moderate in Toyota's test).
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on passenger side
Test ID | VTP1835 | CEP1902 |
---|---|---|
Lower occupant compartment | ||
Lower hinge pillar max (cm) | 5 | 6 |
Footrest (cm) | 4 | 5 |
Right toepan (cm) | 6 | 2 |
Center toepan (cm) | 5 | 0 |
Rocker panel lateral average (cm) | 2 | 1 |
Upper occupant compartment | ||
Center dash (cm) | 1 | 2 |
Upper hinge pillar max (cm) | 6 | 3 |
Upper dash (cm) | 5 | 4 |
Right lower dash (cm) | 5 | 4 |
Passenger injury measures
Test ID | VTP1835 | CEP1902 |
---|---|---|
Head | ||
HIC-15 | 216 | 221 |
Peak gs at hard contact | no contact | no contact |
Neck | ||
Tension (kN) | 1.9 | 1.8 |
Extension bending moment (Nm) | 21 | 17 |
Maximum Nij | 0.37 | 0.38 |
Chest maximum compression (mm) | 23 | 22 |
Femur (kN) | ||
Left | 1.7 | 2.0 |
Right | 3.4 | 1.9 |
Knee displacement (mm) | ||
Left | 8 | 6 |
Right | 5 | 3 |
Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | ||
Left | 0 | 0 |
Right | 0 | 0 |
Maximum tibia index | ||
Left | 0.86 | 0.52 |
Right | 0.46 | 0.49 |
Tibia axial force (kN) | ||
Left | 3.0 | 2.3 |
Right | 1.7 | 2.4 |
Foot acceleration (g) | ||
Left | 98 | 60 |
Right | 58 | 75 |
Driver injury measures
Test ID | VTP1835 | CEP1902 |
---|---|---|
Head | ||
HIC-15 | 125 | 184 |
Peak gs at hard contact | no contact | no contact |
Neck | ||
Tension (kN) | 1.1 | 1.1 |
Extension bending moment (Nm) | 10 | 11 |
Maximum Nij | 0.19 | 0.20 |
Chest maximum compression (mm) | 32 | 30 |
Femur (kN) | ||
Left | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Right | 0.8 | 0.5 |
Knee displacement (mm) | ||
Left | 1 | 1 |
Right | 2 | 1 |
Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | ||
Left | 0 | 0 |
Right | 0 | 0 |
Maximum tibia index | ||
Left | 0.40 | 0.27 |
Right | 0.34 | 0.19 |
Tibia axial force (kN) | ||
Left | 1.8 | 1.0 |
Right | 2.1 | 0.9 |
Foot acceleration (g) | ||
Left | 33 | 27 |
Right | 75 | 39 |
Moderate overlap front: original test
Rating applies to 2019-24 models
Tested vehicle: 2019 Toyota RAV4 XLE 4-door 4wd
The Toyota RAV4 was redesigned for the 2019 model year. The Toyota Venza was re-introduced to the market as a small SUV in the 2021 model year and shares the same platform as the RAV4. Moderate overlap frontal ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test of a 2019 RAV4 conducted by Toyota.
Overall evaluation | |
---|---|
Structure and safety cage | |
Driver injury measures | |
Head/neck | |
Chest | |
Leg/foot, left | |
Leg/foot, right | |
Driver restraints and dummy kinematics |
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
Test ID | VTF1831 |
---|---|
Footwell intrusion | |
Footrest (cm) | 3 |
Left (cm) | 7 |
Center (cm) | 5 |
Right (cm) | 4 |
Brake pedal (cm) | 2 |
Instrument panel rearward movement | |
Left (cm) | 1 |
Right (cm) | 0 |
Steering column movement | |
Upward (cm) | 0 |
Rearward (cm) | -3 |
A-pillar rearward movement (cm) | 1 |
Driver injury measures
Test ID | VTF1831 |
---|---|
Head | |
HIC-15 | 321 |
Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
Neck | |
Tension (kN) | 1.2 |
Extension bending moment (Nm) | 11 |
Maximum Nij | 0.25 |
Chest maximum compression (mm) | 25 |
Legs | |
Femur force - left (kN) | 0.6 |
Femur force - right (kN) | 0.7 |
Knee displacement - left (mm) | 1 |
Knee displacement - right (mm) | 2 |
Maximum tibia index - left | 0.25 |
Maximum tibia index - right | 0.34 |
Tibia axial force - left (kN) | 2.2 |
Tibia axial force - right (kN) | 2.1 |
Foot acceleration (g) | |
Left | 52 |
Right | 46 |
Side: original test
Rating applies to 2019-24 models
Tested vehicle: 2019 Toyota RAV4 XLE 4-door 4wd
The Toyota RAV4 was redesigned for the 2019 model year. The Toyota Venza was re-introduced to the market as a small SUV in the 2021 model year and shares the same platform as the RAV4. Side ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test of a 2019 RAV4 conducted by Toyota.
Overall evaluation | |
---|---|
Structure and safety cage | |
Driver injury measures | |
Head/neck | |
Torso | |
Pelvis/leg | |
Driver head protection | |
Rear passenger injury measures | |
Head/neck | |
Torso | |
Pelvis/leg | |
Rear passenger head protection |
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
Test ID | VTS1829 |
---|---|
B-pillar to longitudinal centerline of driver's seat (cm) | -21.5 |
Negative numbers indicate the amount by which the crush stopped short of the seat centerline. |
Driver injury measures
Test ID | VTS1829 |
---|---|
Head HIC-15 | 124 |
Neck | |
Tension (kN) | 0.6 |
Compression (kN) | 0.3 |
Shoulder | |
Lateral deflection (mm) | 19 |
Lateral force (kN) | 1.0 |
Torso | |
Maximum deflection (mm) | 28 |
Average deflection (mm) | 24 |
Maximum deflection rate (m/s) | 2.90 |
Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) | 0.25 |
Pelvis | |
Iliac force (kN) | 1.5 |
Acetabulum force (kN) | 1.4 |
Combined force (kN) | 2.8 |
Left femur | |
L-M force (kN) | 0.2 |
L-M moment (Nm) | 71 |
A-P moment (Nm) | -23 |
Passenger injury measures
Test ID | VTS1829 |
---|---|
Head HIC-15 | 87 |
Neck | |
Tension (kN) | 0.7 |
Compression (kN) | 0.8 |
Shoulder | |
Lateral deflection (mm) | 26 |
Lateral force (kN) | 1.3 |
Torso | |
Maximum deflection (mm) | 27 |
Average deflection (mm) | 20 |
Maximum deflection rate (m/s) | 2.40 |
Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) | 0.20 |
Pelvis | |
Iliac force (kN) | 0.2 |
Acetabulum force (kN) | 2.3 |
Combined force (kN) | 2.3 |
Left femur | |
L-M force (kN) | 0.6 |
L-M moment (Nm) | 63 |
A-P moment (Nm) | 30 |
Side: updated test
Rating applies to 2019-24 models
Tested vehicle: 2021 Toyota RAV4 LE 4-door 4wd
The Toyota RAV4 was redesigned for the 2019 model year. The Toyota Venza was re-introduced to the market as a small SUV in the 2021 model year and shares the same platform as the RAV4.
Overall evaluation | |
---|---|
Structure and safety cage | |
Driver injury measures | |
Head/neck | |
Torso | |
Pelvis | |
Driver head protection | |
Rear passenger injury measures | |
Head/neck | |
Torso | |
Pelvis | |
Rear passenger head protection
Part of the dummy's head moved beyond the rear portion of the side curtain airbag and contacted the C-pillar hard. The head protection is inadequate. |
View of the vehicle just after the crash test.
View of the vehicle after the crash with doors removed, showing the side airbags and damage to the occupant compartment.
Smeared greasepaint shows where the driver dummy's head was protected from being hit by hard structures by the side airbags.
Smeared greasepaint shows where the rear passenger dummy's head struck the C-pillar (inset) despite the deployment of the side curtain airbag.
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
Test ID | CES2008 |
---|---|
B-pillar to longitudinal centerline of driver's seat (cm) | -23.0 |
Negative numbers indicate the amount by which the crush stopped short of the seat centerline. |
Driver injury measures
Test ID | CES2008 |
---|---|
Head | |
HIC-15 | 120 |
Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
Neck | |
Tension (kN) | 0.6 |
Compression (kN) | 0.3 |
Shoulder | |
Lateral deflection (mm) | 12 |
Lateral force (kN) | 0.8 |
Torso | |
Maximum deflection (mm) | 34 |
Average deflection (mm) | 21 |
Maximum deflection rate (m/s) | 3.13 |
Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) | 0.38 |
Pelvis | |
Combined force (kN) | 4.9 |
Passenger injury measures
Test ID | CES2008 |
---|---|
Head | |
HIC-15 | 542 |
Peak gs at hard contact | 104 |
Neck | |
Tension (kN) | 1.4 |
Compression (kN) | 1.0 |
Shoulder | |
Lateral deflection (mm) | 24 |
Lateral force (kN) | 1.3 |
Torso | |
Maximum deflection (mm) | 21 |
Average deflection (mm) | 17 |
Maximum deflection rate (m/s) | 3.64 |
Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) | 0.22 |
Pelvis | |
Combined force (kN) | 3.1 |
Roof strength
Rating applies to 2019-23 models
Tested vehicle: 2019 Toyota RAV4 LE 4-door 4wd
Overall evaluation | |
---|---|
Curb weight | 3,500 lbs |
Peak force | 21,009 lbs |
Strength-to-weight ratio | 6.00 |
Head restraints & seats
Seat type: Manual cloth seat
Overall evaluation | |
---|---|
Dynamic rating | |
Seat/head restraint geometry |
Seat type | Manual cloth seat |
---|---|
Geometry | |
Backset (mm) | 18 |
Distance below top of head (mm) | 11 |
Seat design parameters | |
Pass/fail | Pass |
Max T1 acceleration (g) | 12.2 |
Head contact time (ms) | 57 |
Force rating | 1 |
Neck forces | |
Max neck shear force (N) | 0 |
Max neck tension (N) | 231 |
About the head restraint & seat test
Currently, IIHS tests apply only to front seats.
Headlights
Ratings are given for 3 different headlight variations available on this vehicle.
Trim level(s)
- Hybrid Limited trim equipped with Adaptive Front Headlight System package
Low-beam headlight type | LED projector |
---|---|
High-beam headlight type | LED projector |
Curve-adaptive? | Yes |
High-beam assist? | Yes |
Overall rating | |
Distance at which headlights provide at least 5 lux illumination: |
Low beams
On the straightaway, visibility was good on both sides of the road. On curves, visibility was good in all 4 tests.
The low beams created some glare.
High beams
On the straightaway, visibility was good on the right side of the road and inadequate on the left side. On curves, visibility was good on both right curves and fair on both left curves.
High-beam assist compensates for some limitations of this vehicle's low beams on the gradual left curve.
Trim level(s) |
|
---|---|
Low-beam headlight type | LED projector |
High-beam headlight type | LED projector |
Curve-adaptive? | Yes |
High-beam assist? | Yes |
Overall rating Applies to 2019-21 models |
LOW BEAMS | Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux) |
Amount glare exceeded threshold |
---|---|---|
Straightaway right edge | 114.1 m | None |
Straightaway left edge | 63.8 m | None |
250m radius right curve, right edge | 98.6 m | 18.8% |
250m radius left curve, left edge | 68.7 m | None |
150m radius right curve, right edge | 80.0 m | None |
150m radius left curve, right edge | 62.8 m | None |
HIGH BEAMS | Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux) |
---|---|
Straightaway right edge | 147.3 m |
Straightaway left edge | 113.1 m |
250m radius right curve, right edge | 91.8 m |
250m radius left curve, left edge | 74.0 m |
150m radius right curve, right edge | 72.9 m |
150m radius left curve, left edge | 61.9 m |
Trim level(s)
- LE trim
- XLE trim
- XLE Premium trim
- Adventure trim
- Limited trim
- Hybrid LE trim
Low-beam headlight type | LED reflector |
---|---|
High-beam headlight type | LED reflector |
Curve-adaptive? | No |
High-beam assist? | Yes |
Overall rating | |
Distance at which headlights provide at least 5 lux illumination: |
Low beams
On the straightaway, visibility was good on the right side of the road and fair on the left side. On curves, visibility was fair on the sharp right and sharp left curves and inadequate on the gradual right and gradual left curves.
The low beams never exceeded glare limits.
High beams
On the straightaway, visibility was good on the right side of the road and inadequate on the left side. On curves, visibility was inadequate in all 4 tests.
High-beam assist compensates for some limitations of this vehicle's low beams on the straightaway, on both left curves and on both right curves.
Trim level(s) |
|
---|---|
Low-beam headlight type | LED reflector |
High-beam headlight type | LED reflector |
Curve-adaptive? | No |
High-beam assist? | Yes |
Overall rating Applies to 2019-22 models |
LOW BEAMS | Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux) |
Amount glare exceeded threshold |
---|---|---|
Straightaway right edge | 107.0 m | None |
Straightaway left edge | 46.6 m | None |
250m radius right curve, right edge | 54.5 m | None |
250m radius left curve, left edge | 45.3 m | None |
150m radius right curve, right edge | 49.2 m | None |
150m radius left curve, left edge | 45.3 m | None |
HIGH BEAMS | Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux) |
---|---|
Straightaway right edge | 148.6 m |
Straightaway left edge | 83.0 m |
250m radius right curve, right edge | 62.0 m |
250m radius left curve, left edge | 56.5 m |
150m radius right curve, right edge | 52.4 m |
150m radius left curve, left edge | 48.8 m |
Trim level(s)
- Hybrid XLE trim
- Hybrid XSE trim
- Hybrid Limited trim
Low-beam headlight type | LED projector |
---|---|
High-beam headlight type | LED projector |
Curve-adaptive? | No |
High-beam assist? | Yes |
Overall rating | |
Distance at which headlights provide at least 5 lux illumination: |
Low beams
On the straightaway, visibility was good on the right side of the road and fair on the left side. On curves, visibility was good on the gradual right curve, fair on the sharp right and sharp left curves, and inadequate on the gradual left curve.
The low beams created some glare.
High beams
On the straightaway, visibility was inadequate on both sides of the road. On curves, visibility was inadequate in all 4 tests.
High-beam assist compensates for some limitations of this vehicle's low beams on the straightaway and on the gradual left curve.
Trim level(s) |
|
---|---|
Low-beam headlight type | LED projector |
High-beam headlight type | LED projector |
Curve-adaptive? | No |
High-beam assist? | Yes |
Overall rating Applies to 2019-21 models |
LOW BEAMS | Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux) |
Amount glare exceeded threshold |
---|---|---|
Straightaway right edge | 112.2 m | 30.0% |
Straightaway left edge | 54.8 m | 30.0% |
250m radius right curve, right edge | 66.9 m | 22.7% |
250m radius left curve, right edge | 53.8 m | None |
150m radius right curve, right edge | 53.8 m | 24.8% |
150m radius left curve, left edge | 49.5 m | None |
HIGH BEAMS | Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux) |
---|---|
Straightaway right edge | 120.7 m |
Straightaway left edge | 116.0 m |
250m radius right curve, right edge | 56.4 m |
250m radius left curve, left edge | 60.8 m |
150m radius right curve, right edge | 44.7 m |
150m radius left curve, left edge | 46.5 m |
Front crash prevention: vehicle-to-vehicle
Front crash prevention: pedestrian (day)
Child seat anchors
Rating applies to 2019-24 models
Overall evaluation | + extra LATCH positions |
Vehicle trim | LE |
Seat type | cloth |
This vehicle has 2 rear seating positions with complete child seat attachment (LATCH) hardware.
It has 1 additional seating position with a tether anchor and the ability to borrow lower anchors from the other seating positions.
Note: When anchors are borrowed, they aren't available to use in their designated positions.
Overall evaluation | + extra LATCH positions |
Vehicle trim | LE |
Seat type | cloth |
G | Good |
A | Acceptable |
M | Marginal |
P | Poor |
Seating positions that rely on borrowed lower anchors or have only a tether anchor available are not rated. | |
thether anchor symbol | Tether anchor |
lower anchor symbol | Lower anchors |
Lower anchor(s) can be borrowed from adjacent positions(s) | |
No hardware available |
Details by seating position
1 | |
---|---|
Tether anchor | |
easy-to-find location | |
no other hardware could be confused for anchor | |
Lower anchors | |
not too deep in seat | |
not too much force needed to attach | |
easy to maneuver around anchors | |
2 | |
Tether anchor | |
easy-to-find location | |
no other hardware could be confused for anchor | |
Lower anchors | |
Can be borrowed from 1 and 3 | |
3 | |
Tether anchor | |
easy-to-find location | |
no other hardware could be confused for anchor | |
Lower anchors | |
not too deep in seat | |
not too much force needed to attach | |
easy to maneuver around anchors |
Seat position 21
Lower anchor A | |
---|---|
Open access rated | No |
Depth (cm) | 0-2 |
Force (lbs) | 8 |
Clearance angle (degrees) | 92 |
Lower anchor B | |
Open access rated | No |
Depth (cm) | 0-2 |
Force (lbs) | 9 |
Clearance angle (degrees) | 89 |
Tether anchor | |
Location | Middle seatback |
Confusing hardware present | Yes |
Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor |
Yes |
Tether anchors can be accessed while seatback is properly positioned for use of LATCH |
Not measured |
Seat position 22
Lower anchor A | |
---|---|
Lower latch is shared for this seat position | |
Lower anchor B | |
Lower latch is shared for this seat position | |
Tether anchor | |
Location | Middle seatback |
Confusing hardware present | Yes |
Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor |
Yes |
Tether anchors can be accessed while seatback is properly positioned for use of LATCH |
Not measured |
Seat position 23
Lower anchor A | |
---|---|
Open access rated | No |
Depth (cm) | 0-2 |
Force (lbs) | 8 |
Clearance angle (degrees) | 90 |
Lower anchor B | |
Open access rated | No |
Depth (cm) | 0-2 |
Force (lbs) | 8 |
Clearance angle (degrees) | 93 |
Tether anchor | |
Location | Middle seatback |
Confusing hardware present | Yes |
Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor |
Yes |
Tether anchors can be accessed while seatback is properly positioned for use of LATCH |
Not measured |