Small overlap front
The small overlap front evaluation consists of a driver-side and a passenger-side component. If the results of the two evaluations differ, then the combined small overlap rating is equal to the lower rating.
Driver-side
- Rating applies to 2021-24 models
Tested vehicle: 2019 Toyota RAV4 XLE 4-door 4wd
The Toyota RAV4 was redesigned for the 2019 model year. The Toyota Venza was re-introduced to the market as a small SUV in the 2021 model year and shares the same platform as the RAV4. Driver-side small overlap frontal ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test of a 2019 RAV4 conducted by Toyota.
| Overall driver-side evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Structure and safety cage | |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Chest | |
| Hip/thigh | |
| Lower leg/foot | |
| Driver restraints and dummy kinematics | |
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
| Test ID | VTN1819 |
|---|---|
| Lower occupant compartment | |
| Lower hinge pillar max (cm) | 2 |
| Footrest (cm) | 2 |
| Left toepan (cm) | 3 |
| Brake pedal (cm) | 3 |
| Parking brake (cm) | |
| Rocker panel lateral average (cm) | 2 |
| Upper occupant compartment | |
| Steering column | 1 |
| Upper hinge pillar max (cm) | 1 |
| Upper dash (cm) | 2 |
| Lower instrument panel (cm) | 2 |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | VTN1819 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 293 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 1.3 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 10 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.26 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 25 |
| Femur (kN) | |
| Left | 0.8 |
| Right | 0.8 |
| Knee displacement (mm) | |
| Left | 1 |
| Right | 2 |
| Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | |
| Left | 0 |
| Right | 0 |
| Maximum tibia index | |
| Left | 0.63 |
| Right | 0.36 |
| Tibia axial force (kN) | |
| Left | 2.4 |
| Right | 2.2 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | |
| Left | 82 |
| Right | 38 |
Passenger-side
- Rating applies to 2021-24 models
Tested vehicle: 2019 Toyota RAV4 LE 4-door 4wd
The Toyota RAV4 was redesigned for the 2019 model year. The Toyota Venza was re-introduced to the market as a small SUV in the 2021 model year and shares the same platform as the RAV4. Two passenger-side small overlap frontal tests of the RAV4 were conducted, one by the Institute and the other by Toyota. Ratings are based on both tests, but the vehicle specifications shown below are based on the Institute’s test.
| Overall passenger-side evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Structure and safety cage | |
| Passenger injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Chest | |
| Hip/thigh | |
| Lower leg/foot | |
| Passenger restraints and dummy kinematics | |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Chest | |
| Hip/thigh | |
| Lower leg/foot | |
| Driver restraints and dummy kinematics | |
Action shot taken during the Institute's passenger-side small overlap frontal crash test.
The dummy's position in relation to the door frame and dashboard after the crash test indicates that the passenger's survival space was maintained very well (Institute test car shown).
The frontal and side curtain airbags worked well together to keep the head from coming close to any stiff structure or outside objects that could cause injury (Institute test shown).
The passenger's space was maintained well in both tests, and in the Institute's test, risk of injuries to the dummy's legs and feet was low. (Risk of injury to the left lower leg was moderate in Toyota's test).
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on passenger side
| Test ID | VTP1835 | CEP1902 |
|---|---|---|
| Lower occupant compartment | ||
| Lower hinge pillar max (cm) | 5 | 6 |
| Footrest (cm) | 4 | 5 |
| Right toepan (cm) | 6 | 2 |
| Center toepan (cm) | 5 | 0 |
| Rocker panel lateral average (cm) | 2 | 1 |
| Upper occupant compartment | ||
| Center dash (cm) | 1 | 2 |
| Upper hinge pillar max (cm) | 6 | 3 |
| Upper dash (cm) | 5 | 4 |
| Right lower dash (cm) | 5 | 4 |
Passenger injury measures
| Test ID | VTP1835 | CEP1902 |
|---|---|---|
| Head | ||
| HIC-15 | 216 | 221 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact | no contact |
| Neck | ||
| Tension (kN) | 1.9 | 1.8 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 21 | 17 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.37 | 0.38 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 23 | 22 |
| Femur (kN) | ||
| Left | 1.7 | 2.0 |
| Right | 3.4 | 1.9 |
| Knee displacement (mm) | ||
| Left | 8 | 6 |
| Right | 5 | 3 |
| Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | ||
| Left | 0 | 0 |
| Right | 0 | 0 |
| Maximum tibia index | ||
| Left | 0.86 | 0.52 |
| Right | 0.46 | 0.49 |
| Tibia axial force (kN) | ||
| Left | 3.0 | 2.3 |
| Right | 1.7 | 2.4 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | ||
| Left | 98 | 60 |
| Right | 58 | 75 |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | VTP1835 | CEP1902 |
|---|---|---|
| Head | ||
| HIC-15 | 125 | 184 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact | no contact |
| Neck | ||
| Tension (kN) | 1.1 | 1.1 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 10 | 11 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.19 | 0.20 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 32 | 30 |
| Femur (kN) | ||
| Left | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Right | 0.8 | 0.5 |
| Knee displacement (mm) | ||
| Left | 1 | 1 |
| Right | 2 | 1 |
| Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | ||
| Left | 0 | 0 |
| Right | 0 | 0 |
| Maximum tibia index | ||
| Left | 0.40 | 0.27 |
| Right | 0.34 | 0.19 |
| Tibia axial force (kN) | ||
| Left | 1.8 | 1.0 |
| Right | 2.1 | 0.9 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | ||
| Left | 33 | 27 |
| Right | 75 | 39 |
Moderate overlap front: original test
Rating applies to 2021-24 models
Tested vehicle: 2019 Toyota RAV4 XLE 4-door 4wd
The Toyota RAV4 was redesigned for the 2019 model year. The Toyota Venza was re-introduced to the market as a small SUV in the 2021 model year and shares the same platform as the RAV4. Moderate overlap frontal ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test of a 2019 RAV4 conducted by Toyota.
| Overall evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Structure and safety cage | |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Chest | |
| Leg/foot, left | |
| Leg/foot, right | |
| Driver restraints and dummy kinematics |
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
| Test ID | VTF1831 |
|---|---|
| Footwell intrusion | |
| Footrest (cm) | 3 |
| Left (cm) | 7 |
| Center (cm) | 5 |
| Right (cm) | 4 |
| Brake pedal (cm) | 2 |
| Instrument panel rearward movement | |
| Left (cm) | 1 |
| Right (cm) | 0 |
| Steering column movement | |
| Upward (cm) | 0 |
| Rearward (cm) | -3 |
| A-pillar rearward movement (cm) | 1 |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | VTF1831 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 321 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 1.2 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 11 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.25 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 25 |
| Legs | |
| Femur force - left (kN) | 0.6 |
| Femur force - right (kN) | 0.7 |
| Knee displacement - left (mm) | 1 |
| Knee displacement - right (mm) | 2 |
| Maximum tibia index - left | 0.25 |
| Maximum tibia index - right | 0.34 |
| Tibia axial force - left (kN) | 2.2 |
| Tibia axial force - right (kN) | 2.1 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | |
| Left | 52 |
| Right | 46 |
Moderate overlap front: updated test
Rating applies to 2023-24 models
Tested vehicle: 2023 Toyota Venza 4-door 4wd
The Toyota Venza was re-introduced to the market as a small SUV in the 2021 model year. These ratings do not apply to the Toyota RAV4.
| Overall evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Structure and safety cage | |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Chest | |
| Thigh/hip | |
| Leg/foot | |
| Driver restraints and dummy kinematics | |
| Rear passenger injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Chest | |
| Thigh | |
|
Rear passenger restraints and dummy kinematics
| |
View of the vehicle after the crash showing the airbags and damage to the occupant compartment.
The rear passenger dummy's head remained a safe distance from the front seatback.
Rear passenger dummy injury values indicate a low risk of injury to the head or neck and chest. During the crash, the shoulder belt moved too far upward toward the dummy’s neck, compromising the effectiveness of the rear restraint system.
The rear passenger dummy's lap belt moved from the ideal position on the pelvis onto the abdomen, increasing the risk of abdominal injuries.
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
| Test ID | CEF2340 |
|---|---|
| Footwell intrusion | |
| Footrest (cm) | 5 |
| Left (cm) | 8 |
| Center (cm) | 10 |
| Right (cm) | 13 |
| Brake pedal (cm) | 1 |
| Instrument panel rearward movement | |
| Left (cm) | 2 |
| Right (cm) | 2 |
| Steering column movement | |
| Upward (cm) | 1 |
| Rearward (cm) | -2 |
| A-pillar rearward movement (cm) | 0 |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | CEF2340 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 111 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 1.0 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 15 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.22 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 26 |
| Femur (kN) | |
| Left | 1.3 |
| Right | 0.9 |
| Knee displacement (mm) | |
| Left | 1 |
| Right | 1 |
| Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | |
| Left | 0 |
| Right | 0 |
| Maximum tibia index | |
| Left | 0.37 |
| Right | 0.54 |
| Tibia axial force (kN) | |
| Left | 2.1 |
| Right | 2.3 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | |
| Left | 65 |
| Right | 78 |
Rear passenger injury measures
| Test ID | CEF2340 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 for head contact during forward excursion |
no contact
|
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 2.0 |
| Compression (kN) | 0.1 |
| Maximum Nij for head contact during forward excursion |
no contact
|
| Chest | |
| Chest index | 29 |
| Shoulder belt tension (kN) | 3.6 |
| Thigh (kN) | |
| Left femur compression | 0.1 |
| Right femur compression | 0.2 |
Side: original test
Rating applies to 2021-24 models
Tested vehicle: 2019 Toyota RAV4 XLE 4-door 4wd
The Toyota RAV4 was redesigned for the 2019 model year. The Toyota Venza was re-introduced to the market as a small SUV in the 2021 model year and shares the same platform as the RAV4. Side ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test of a 2019 RAV4 conducted by Toyota.
| Overall evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Structure and safety cage | |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Torso | |
| Pelvis/leg | |
| Driver head protection | |
| Rear passenger injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Torso | |
| Pelvis/leg | |
| Rear passenger head protection | |
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
| Test ID | VTS1829 |
|---|---|
| B-pillar to longitudinal centerline of driver's seat (cm) | -21.5 |
| Negative numbers indicate the amount by which the crush stopped short of the seat centerline. | |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | VTS1829 |
|---|---|
| Head HIC-15 | 124 |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 0.6 |
| Compression (kN) | 0.3 |
| Shoulder | |
| Lateral deflection (mm) | 19 |
| Lateral force (kN) | 1.0 |
| Torso | |
| Maximum deflection (mm) | 28 |
| Average deflection (mm) | 24 |
| Maximum deflection rate (m/s) | 2.90 |
| Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) | 0.25 |
| Pelvis | |
| Iliac force (kN) | 1.5 |
| Acetabulum force (kN) | 1.4 |
| Combined force (kN) | 2.8 |
| Left femur | |
| L-M force (kN) | 0.2 |
| L-M moment (Nm) | 71 |
| A-P moment (Nm) | -23 |
Passenger injury measures
| Test ID | VTS1829 |
|---|---|
| Head HIC-15 | 87 |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 0.7 |
| Compression (kN) | 0.8 |
| Shoulder | |
| Lateral deflection (mm) | 26 |
| Lateral force (kN) | 1.3 |
| Torso | |
| Maximum deflection (mm) | 27 |
| Average deflection (mm) | 20 |
| Maximum deflection rate (m/s) | 2.40 |
| Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) | 0.20 |
| Pelvis | |
| Iliac force (kN) | 0.2 |
| Acetabulum force (kN) | 2.3 |
| Combined force (kN) | 2.3 |
| Left femur | |
| L-M force (kN) | 0.6 |
| L-M moment (Nm) | 63 |
| A-P moment (Nm) | 30 |
Side: updated test
Rating applies to 2021-24 models
Tested vehicle: 2021 Toyota RAV4 LE 4-door 4wd
The Toyota RAV4 was redesigned for the 2019 model year. The Toyota Venza was re-introduced to the market as a small SUV in the 2021 model year and shares the same platform as the RAV4.
| Overall evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Structure and safety cage | |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Torso | |
| Pelvis | |
| Driver head protection | |
| Rear passenger injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Torso | |
| Pelvis | |
|
Rear passenger head protection
Part of the dummy's head moved beyond the rear portion of the side curtain airbag and contacted the C-pillar hard. The head protection is inadequate. | |
View of the vehicle just after the crash test.
View of the vehicle after the crash with doors removed, showing the side airbags and damage to the occupant compartment.
Smeared greasepaint shows where the driver dummy's head was protected from being hit by hard structures by the side airbags.
Smeared greasepaint shows where the rear passenger dummy's head struck the C-pillar (inset) despite the deployment of the side curtain airbag.
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
| Test ID | CES2008 |
|---|---|
| B-pillar to longitudinal centerline of driver's seat (cm) | -23.0 |
| Negative numbers indicate the amount by which the crush stopped short of the seat centerline. | |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | CES2008 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 120 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 0.6 |
| Compression (kN) | 0.3 |
| Shoulder | |
| Lateral deflection (mm) | 12 |
| Lateral force (kN) | 0.8 |
| Torso | |
| Maximum deflection (mm) | 34 |
| Average deflection (mm) | 21 |
| Maximum deflection rate (m/s) | 3.13 |
| Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) | 0.38 |
| Pelvis | |
| Combined force (kN) | 4.9 |
Passenger injury measures
| Test ID | CES2008 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 542 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | 104 |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 1.4 |
| Compression (kN) | 1.0 |
| Shoulder | |
| Lateral deflection (mm) | 24 |
| Lateral force (kN) | 1.3 |
| Torso | |
| Maximum deflection (mm) | 21 |
| Average deflection (mm) | 17 |
| Maximum deflection rate (m/s) | 3.64 |
| Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) | 0.22 |
| Pelvis | |
| Combined force (kN) | 3.1 |
Headlights
Trim level(s)
- All trims
| Low-beam headlight type | LED projector |
|---|---|
| High-beam headlight type | LED projector |
| Curve-adaptive? | No |
| High-beam assist? | Yes |
|
Overall rating | |
| Distance at which headlights provide at least 5 lux illumination: | |
Low beams
On the straightaway, visibility was good on the left side of the road and fair on the right side. On curves, visibility was fair in all 4 tests.
The low beams never exceeded glare limits.
High beams
On the straightaway, visibility was fair on both sides of the road. On curves, visibility was fair on the gradual right curve and inadequate on the sharp right and both left curves.
High-beam assist compensates for some limitations of this vehicle's low beams on the straightaway and all 4 curves.
| Trim level(s) |
|
|---|---|
| Low-beam headlight type | LED projector |
| High-beam headlight type | LED projector |
| Curve-adaptive? | No |
| High-beam assist? | Yes |
|
Overall rating Applies to 2021-24 models |
| LOW BEAMS | Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux) |
Amount glare exceeded threshold |
|---|---|---|
| Straightaway right edge | 82.0 m | None |
| Straightaway left edge | 56.8 m | None |
| 250m radius right curve, right edge | 63.1 m | None |
| 250m radius left curve, left edge | 55.9 m | None |
| 150m radius right curve, right edge | 51.0 m | None |
| 150m radius left curve, left edge | 45.8 m | None |
| HIGH BEAMS | Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux) |
|---|---|
| Straightaway right edge | 139.1 m |
| Straightaway left edge | 130.8 m |
| 250m radius right curve, right edge | 69.0 m |
| 250m radius left curve, left edge | 62.8 m |
| 150m radius right curve, right edge | 51.4 m |
| 150m radius left curve, left edge | 47.8 m |
Front crash prevention: pedestrian
Seat belt reminders
Rating applies to 2023-24 models
| Overall evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Front row | |
| Unbelted occupant alert (audible & visual) | |
| Initiation time | |
| Duration | Long enough (90+ seconds) |
| Volume | |
| Audio frequency | |
| Second row | |
| Startup status alert (visual) | |
| Initiation time | |
| Duration at least 60 seconds | |
| Belt disengaged alert (audible & visual) | |
| Initiation time | |
| Duration at least 30 seconds | |
| Volume | |
| Audio frequency |
| Background cabin sound pressure level at 24 km/h | 50 dB |
| Audible signal sound pressure level at 24 km/h | 69 dB |
| Difference between background and signal | 19.2 dB |
| Background cabin sound pressure level at 40 km/h | 54 dB |
| Audible signal sound pressure level at 40 km/h | 70 dB |
| Difference between background and signal | 15.7 dB |
| Dominant audio frequency | 800 Hz |
Child seat anchors
Rating applies to 2021-24 models
| Overall evaluation | + extra LATCH positions |
| Vehicle trim | LE |
| Seat type | cloth |
This vehicle has 2 rear seating positions with complete child seat attachment (LATCH) hardware.
It has 1 additional seating position with a tether anchor and the ability to borrow lower anchors from the other seating positions.
Note: When anchors are borrowed, they aren't available to use in their designated positions.
| Overall evaluation | + extra LATCH positions |
| Vehicle trim | LE |
| Seat type | cloth |
| G | Good |
| A | Acceptable |
| M | Marginal |
| P | Poor |
| Seating positions that rely on borrowed lower anchors or have only a tether anchor available are not rated. | |
thether anchor symbol | Tether anchor |
lower anchor symbol | Lower anchors |
| Lower anchor(s) can be borrowed from adjacent positions(s) | |
| No hardware available |
Details by seating position
| 1 | |
|---|---|
| Tether anchor | |
| easy-to-find location | |
| no other hardware could be confused for anchor | |
| Lower anchors | |
| not too deep in seat | |
| not too much force needed to attach | |
| easy to maneuver around anchors | |
| 2 | |
| Tether anchor | |
| easy-to-find location | |
| no other hardware could be confused for anchor | |
| Lower anchors | |
| Can be borrowed from 1 and 3 | |
| 3 | |
| Tether anchor | |
| easy-to-find location | |
| no other hardware could be confused for anchor | |
| Lower anchors | |
| not too deep in seat | |
| not too much force needed to attach | |
| easy to maneuver around anchors |
Seat position 21
| Lower anchor A | |
|---|---|
| Open access rated | No |
| Depth (cm) | 0-2 |
| Force (lbs) | 8 |
| Clearance angle (degrees) | 92 |
| Lower anchor B | |
| Open access rated | No |
| Depth (cm) | 0-2 |
| Force (lbs) | 9 |
| Clearance angle (degrees) | 89 |
| Tether anchor | |
| Location | Middle seatback |
| Confusing hardware present | Yes |
| Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor |
Yes |
| Tether anchors can be accessed while seatback is properly positioned for use of LATCH |
Not measured |
Seat position 22
| Lower anchor A | |
|---|---|
| Lower latch is shared for this seat position | |
| Lower anchor B | |
| Lower latch is shared for this seat position | |
| Tether anchor | |
| Location | Middle seatback |
| Confusing hardware present | Yes |
| Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor |
Yes |
| Tether anchors can be accessed while seatback is properly positioned for use of LATCH |
Not measured |
Seat position 23
| Lower anchor A | |
|---|---|
| Open access rated | No |
| Depth (cm) | 0-2 |
| Force (lbs) | 8 |
| Clearance angle (degrees) | 90 |
| Lower anchor B | |
| Open access rated | No |
| Depth (cm) | 0-2 |
| Force (lbs) | 8 |
| Clearance angle (degrees) | 93 |
| Tether anchor | |
| Location | Middle seatback |
| Confusing hardware present | Yes |
| Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor |
Yes |
| Tether anchors can be accessed while seatback is properly positioned for use of LATCH |
Not measured |