2024 Toyota bZ4X

small SUV / 4-door SUV

Fully electric
2024 Toyota bZ4X 4-door SUV

Crashworthiness

Rating overview
Small overlap front
Moderate overlap front: original test
Side: updated test

Crash avoidance & mitigation

Headlights (varies by trim/option)
Front crash prevention: pedestrian
Standard system

Seat belts & child restraints

Seat belt reminders

Other available safety features

  • Standard blind spot detection
  • Standard lane departure warning & prevention

Key

  • Good
  • Acceptable
  • Marginal
  • Poor

Small overlap front

The small overlap front evaluation consists of a driver-side and a passenger-side component. If the results of the two evaluations differ, then the combined small overlap rating is equal to the lower rating.

Driver-side

  • Rating applies to 2023-25 models

Tested vehicle: 2023 Subaru Solterra Touring 4-door 4wd

The Subaru Solterra and Toyota bZ4X, both all-new electric vehicles, were introduced for the 2023 model year.

Overall driver-side evaluation
Structure and safety cage
Driver injury measures
Head/neck
Chest
Hip/thigh
Lower leg/foot
Driver restraints and dummy kinematics

Action shot taken during the driver-side small overlap frontal crash test.

The dummy's position in relation to the door frame, steering wheel, and instrument panel after the crash test indicates that the driver's survival space was maintained well.

The frontal and side curtain airbags worked well together to keep the head from coming close to any stiff structure or outside objects that could cause injury.

The driver's space was maintained well, and risk of injuries to the dummy's legs and feet was low.

Technical measurements for this test

Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side

Test ID CEN2301
Lower occupant compartment
Lower hinge pillar max (cm) 3
Footrest (cm) 1
Left toepan (cm) 1
Brake pedal (cm) 3
Parking brake (cm)
Rocker panel lateral average (cm) 0
Upper occupant compartment
Steering column 1
Upper hinge pillar max (cm) 2
Upper dash (cm) 3
Lower instrument panel (cm) 3

Driver injury measures

Test ID CEN2301
Head
HIC-15 108
Peak gs at hard contact no contact
Neck
Tension (kN) 1.2
Extension bending moment (Nm) 19
Maximum Nij 0.22
Chest maximum compression (mm) 25
Femur (kN)
Left 0.6
Right 0.6
Knee displacement (mm)
Left 0
Right 0
Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%)
Left 0
Right 0
Maximum tibia index
Left 0.29
Right 0.24
Tibia axial force (kN)
Left 1.6
Right 1.9
Foot acceleration (g)
Left 31
Right 49

Passenger-side

  • Rating applies to 2023-25 models

Tested vehicle: 2023 Subaru Solterra Touring 4-door 4wd

The Subaru Solterra and Toyota bZ4X, both all-new electric vehicles, were introduced for the 2023 model year. Passenger-side small overlap frontal ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test of a 2023 Solterra conducted by Subaru.

Overall passenger-side evaluation
Structure and safety cage
Passenger injury measures
Head/neck
Chest
Hip/thigh
Lower leg/foot
Passenger restraints and dummy kinematics
The dummy’s head maintained only partial engagement with the frontal airbag, moving into the gap between the frontal and side curtain airbags and leaving the head vulnerable to contact with forward structure.
Driver injury measures
Head/neck
Chest
Hip/thigh
Lower leg/foot
Driver restraints and dummy kinematics
Technical measurements for this test

Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on passenger side

Test ID VTP2302
Lower occupant compartment
Lower hinge pillar max (cm) 5
Footrest (cm) 1
Right toepan (cm) 4
Center toepan (cm) 1
Rocker panel lateral average (cm) 0
Upper occupant compartment
Center dash (cm) 3
Upper hinge pillar max (cm) 3
Upper dash (cm) 6
Right lower dash (cm) 3

Passenger injury measures

Test ID VTP2302
Head
HIC-15 78
Peak gs at hard contact no contact
Neck
Tension (kN) 1.0
Extension bending moment (Nm) 15
Maximum Nij 0.20
Chest maximum compression (mm) 21
Femur (kN)
Left 0.5
Right 0.5
Knee displacement (mm)
Left 1
Right 1
Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%)
Left 0
Right 0
Maximum tibia index
Left 0.33
Right 0.35
Tibia axial force (kN)
Left 1.5
Right 1.6
Foot acceleration (g)
Left 30
Right 32

Driver injury measures

Test ID VTP2302
Head
HIC-15 88
Peak gs at hard contact no contact
Neck
Tension (kN) 1.1
Extension bending moment (Nm) 18
Maximum Nij 0.18
Chest maximum compression (mm) 25
Femur (kN)
Left 0.6
Right 1.1
Knee displacement (mm)
Left 0
Right 1
Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%)
Left 0
Right 0
Maximum tibia index
Left 0.37
Right 0.44
Tibia axial force (kN)
Left 0.7
Right 1.9
Foot acceleration (g)
Left 28
Right 47

About the small overlap front test

Moderate overlap front: original test

Rating applies to 2023-25 models

Tested vehicle: 2023 Subaru Solterra Premium 4-door 4wd

The Subaru Solterra and Toyota bZ4X, both all-new electric vehicles, were introduced for the 2023 model year.

Overall evaluation
Structure and safety cage
Driver injury measures
Head/neck
Chest
Leg/foot, left
Leg/foot, right
Driver restraints and dummy kinematics

Action shot taken during the moderate overlap frontal crash test.

The dummy's position in relation to the steering wheel and instrument panel after the crash test indicates that the driver's survival space was maintained well.

Smeared greasepaint indicates where the dummy's head contacted the side curtain airbag during rebound.

Forces on the right lower leg were just high enough to indicate the possibility of injuries.

Technical measurements for this test

Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side

Test ID CEF2301
Footwell intrusion
Footrest (cm) 6
Left (cm) 8
Center (cm) 6
Right (cm) 5
Brake pedal (cm) 5
Instrument panel rearward movement
Left (cm) 0
Right (cm) 0
Steering column movement
Upward (cm) 2
Rearward (cm) 0
A-pillar rearward movement (cm) 0

Driver injury measures

Test ID CEF2301
Head
HIC-15 190
Peak gs at hard contact 23
Neck
Tension (kN) 1.3
Extension bending moment (Nm) 15
Maximum Nij 0.24
Chest maximum compression (mm) 32
Legs
Femur force - left (kN) 0.9
Femur force - right (kN) 2.5
Knee displacement - left (mm) 0
Knee displacement - right (mm) 1
Maximum tibia index - left 0.31
Maximum tibia index - right 0.55
Tibia axial force - left (kN) 2.1
Tibia axial force - right (kN) 4.7
Foot acceleration (g)
Left 59
Right 66

About the original moderate overlap front test

Side: updated test

Rating applies to 2023-25 models built after October 2022

Tested vehicle: 2023 Subaru Solterra Touring 4-door 4wd

The Subaru Solterra and Toyota bZ4X, both all-new electric vehicles, were introduced for the 2023 model year. Beginning with 2023 models built after October 2022, reinforcements were implemented to improve occupant protection in side impact crashes. (Information about when a specific vehicle was manufactured is on the certification label typically affixed to the driver door or adjacent B-pillar.)

Overall evaluation
Structure and safety cage
Driver injury measures
Head/neck
Torso
Pelvis
Driver head protection
Rear passenger injury measures
Head/neck
Torso
Pelvis
Rear passenger head protection
Part of the dummy's head moved beyond the rear portion of the side curtain airbag and contacted the C-pillar. The head protection is inadequate.

View of the vehicle just after the crash test.

View of the vehicle after the crash with doors removed, showing the side airbags and damage to the occupant compartment.

Smeared greasepaint shows where the driver dummy's head was protected from being hit by hard structures by the side airbags.

Smeared greasepaint shows where the rear passenger dummy’s head moved beyond the side curtain airbag and contacted the C-pillar.

Technical measurements for this test

Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side

Test ID CES2301
B-pillar to longitudinal centerline of driver's seat (cm) -27.0
Negative numbers indicate the amount by which the crush stopped short of the seat centerline.

Driver injury measures

Test ID CES2301
Head
HIC-15 105
Peak gs at hard contact no contact
Neck
Tension (kN) 0.7
Compression (kN) 0.1
Shoulder
Lateral deflection (mm) 13
Lateral force (kN) 0.6
Torso
Maximum deflection (mm) 31
Average deflection (mm) 20
Maximum deflection rate (m/s) 3.12
Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) 0.33
Pelvis
Combined force (kN) 3.9

Passenger injury measures

Test ID CES2301
Head
HIC-15 212
Peak gs at hard contact 68
Neck
Tension (kN) 1.4
Compression (kN) 0.7
Shoulder
Lateral deflection (mm) 16
Lateral force (kN) 1.0
Torso
Maximum deflection (mm) 30
Average deflection (mm) 22
Maximum deflection rate (m/s) 2.79
Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) 0.35
Pelvis
Combined force (kN) 2.9

About the side crash test

Headlights

Ratings are given for 2 different headlight variations available on this vehicle.

Trim level(s)

  • Limited trim
Low-beam headlight typeLED projector
High-beam headlight typeLED projector
Curve-adaptive?No
High-beam assist?Yes
Overall rating
Distance at which headlights provide at least 5 lux illumination:
car-simpler car-simpler car-simpler car-simpler car-simpler 0 ft 100 ft 200 ft 300 ft 400 ft 500 ft 600 ft Low beams Optimal low-beam illumination High beams Optimal high-beam illumination High-beam assist credit

Low beams
On the straightaway, visibility was good on the left side of the road and fair on the right side. On curves, visibility was good on the gradual left and both right curves and fair on the sharp left curve.

The low beams never exceeded glare limits.

High beams
On the straightaway, visibility was good on both sides of the road. On curves, visibility was good on both right curves and fair on both left curves.

High-beam assist compensates for some limitations of this vehicle's low beams on the straightaway, on both left curves and on the sharp right curve.

Technical measurements for this test
Trim level(s)
  • Limited trim
Low-beam headlight type LED projector
High-beam headlight type LED projector
Curve-adaptive? No
High-beam assist? Yes
Overall rating
Applies to 2023-25 models
LOW BEAMS Average minimum useful
illumination distance (5 lux)		 Amount glare
exceeded threshold
Straightaway right edge 92.2 m None
Straightaway left edge 61.6 m None
250m radius right curve, right edge 71.3 m None
250m radius left curve, left edge 65.2 m None
150m radius right curve, right edge 58.0 m None
150m radius left curve, left edge 50.9 m None
HIGH BEAMS Average minimum useful
illumination distance (5 lux)
Straightaway right edge 176.2 m
Straightaway left edge 162.4 m
250m radius right curve, right edge 82.5 m
250m radius left curve, left edge 72.1 m
150m radius right curve, right edge 66.4 m
150m radius left curve, left edge 60.2 m

Trim level(s)

  • XLE trim
Low-beam headlight typeLED projector
High-beam headlight typeLED projector
Curve-adaptive?No
High-beam assist?Yes
Overall rating
Distance at which headlights provide at least 5 lux illumination:
car-simpler car-simpler car-simpler car-simpler car-simpler 0 ft 100 ft 200 ft 300 ft 400 ft 500 ft 600 ft Low beams Optimal low-beam illumination High beams Optimal high-beam illumination High-beam assist credit

Low beams
On the straightaway, visibility was inadequate on both sides of the road. On curves, visibility was fair on both right curves and inadequate on both left curves.

The low beams never exceeded glare limits.

High beams
On the straightaway, visibility was inadequate on both sides of the road. On curves, visibility was good on the gradual right and gradual left curves and fair on the sharp right and sharp left curves.

High-beam assist compensates for some limitations of this vehicle's low beams on the straightaway and all 4 curves.

Technical measurements for this test
Trim level(s)
  • XLE trim
Low-beam headlight type LED projector
High-beam headlight type LED projector
Curve-adaptive? No
High-beam assist? Yes
Overall rating
Applies to 2023-25 models
LOW BEAMS Average minimum useful
illumination distance (5 lux)		 Amount glare
exceeded threshold
Straightaway right edge 58.1 m None
Straightaway left edge 43.8 m None
250m radius right curve, left edge 55.1 m None
250m radius left curve, left edge 46.9 m None
150m radius right curve, right edge 50.4 m None
150m radius left curve, left edge 40.9 m None
HIGH BEAMS Average minimum useful
illumination distance (5 lux)
Straightaway right edge 123.3 m
Straightaway left edge 119.5 m
250m radius right curve, right edge 80.1 m
250m radius left curve, left edge 75.7 m
150m radius right curve, right edge 61.2 m
150m radius left curve, left edge 59.9 m

About the headlight evaluation

Front crash prevention: pedestrian

Rating applies to 2024-25 models

System details

  • standard Toyota Safety Sense 3.0 Pre-Collision System with Pedestrian Detection
  • of the following trim lines: Limited trim
Overall evaluation
Includes high-beam assist credit

Crossing child — day

  • In the 12 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision.
  • In the 25 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision.

Crossing adult — night

  • In the 12 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision when using its high beams. When using its low beams, this vehicle avoided a collision.
  • In the 25 mph test, impact speed was reduced by 23 mph when using its high beams. When using its low beams, impact speed was reduced by 20 mph.

Parallel adult — night

  • In the 25 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision when using its high beams. When using its low beams, this vehicle avoided a collision.
  • In the 37 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision when using its high beams and a warning was issued 2.3 seconds before impact. When using its low beams, this vehicle avoided a collision and a warning was issued 2.1 seconds before impact.

About the pedestrian front crash prevention test

Seat belt reminders

Rating applies to 2024-25 models

Overall evaluation
Front row
Unbelted occupant alert (audible & visual)
Initiation time
DurationLong enough (90+ seconds)
Volume
Audio frequency
Second row
Startup status alert (visual)
Initiation time
Duration at least 60 seconds
Belt disengaged alert (audible & visual)
Initiation time
Duration at least 30 seconds
Volume
Audio frequency
Technical measurements for this test
Background cabin sound pressure level at 24 km/h 50 dB
Audible signal sound pressure level at 24 km/h 73 dB
Difference between background and signal 22.8 dB
Background cabin sound pressure level at 40 km/h 54 dB
Audible signal sound pressure level at 40 km/h 74 dB
Difference between background and signal 20.0 dB
Dominant audio frequency 1830 Hz

About the seat belt reminder evaluation