2023 Volvo XC90

Rating overview
Evaluation criteria	Rating
Small overlap front: driver-side
Small overlap front: passenger-side
Moderate overlap front: original test
Side: original test
Side: updated test
Roof strength
Head restraints & seats

Evaluation criteria	Rating
Headlights
Front crash prevention: pedestrian (day)
Standard system	Superior
Front crash prevention: pedestrian (night)
Standard system	Advanced

Evaluation criteria	Rating
Seat belt reminders
LATCH ease of use

Small overlap front: driver-side

Rating applies to 2016-25 models

Tested vehicle: 2016 Volvo XC90 T6 Momentum Plus 4-door 4wd

The Volvo XC90 was redesigned for the 2016 model year after a one-year absence from the market and a plug-in hybrid electric variant was introduced. Initially known as the Volvo XC90 Plug-In Hybrid, it became the Volvo XC90 Recharge from model years 2021-2024. For the 2025 model year, it has reverted to the original name. These ratings also apply to the all-new 2025.5 XC90.

Evaluation criteria	Rating

Structure and safety cage
Driver injury measures
Head/neck
Chest
Hip/thigh
Lower leg/foot
Driver restraints and dummy kinematics

Action shot taken during the small overlap frontal crash test.

The dummy's position in relation to the door frame, steering wheel, and instrument panel after the crash test indicates that the driver's survival space was maintained very well.

The frontal and side curtain airbags worked well together to keep the head from coming close to any stiff structure or outside objects that could cause injury. (The loose object in the upper right is a small plastic trim part that dislodged during the impact.)

The driver's space was maintained well, and risk of injuries to the dummy's legs and feet was low.

Technical measurements for this test

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Test ID	CEN1543
Lower occupant compartment
Lower hinge pillar max (cm)	4
Footrest (cm)	2
Left toepan (cm)	2
Brake pedal (cm)	4
Parking brake (cm)
Rocker panel lateral average (cm)	2
Upper occupant compartment
Steering column	0
Upper hinge pillar max (cm)	4
Upper dash (cm)	2
Lower instrument panel (cm)	2

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Test ID	CEN1543
Head
HIC-15	37
Peak gs at hard contact	no contact
Neck
Tension (kN)	0.5
Extension bending moment (Nm)	14
Maximum Nij	0.14
Chest maximum compression (mm)	16
Femur (kN)
Left	0.4
Right	0.7
Knee displacement (mm)
Left	1
Right	0
Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%)
Left	0
Right	0
Maximum tibia index
Left	0.24
Right	0.41
Tibia axial force (kN)
Left	1.1
Right	0.2
Foot acceleration (g)
Left	27
Right	16

About the small overlap front test

Small overlap front: passenger-side

Rating applies to 2016-25 models

Tested vehicle: 2018 Volvo XC90 T6 Momentum 4-door 4wd

The Volvo XC90 was redesigned for the 2016 model year after a one-year absence from the market and a plug-in hybrid electric variant was introduced. Initially known as the Volvo XC90 Plug-In Hybrid, it became the Volvo XC90 Recharge from model years 2021-2024. For the 2025 model year, it has reverted to the original name. These ratings also apply to the all-new 2025.5 XC90. Passenger-side small overlap front ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test of a 2018 XC90 conducted by Volvo.

Evaluation criteria	Rating
Overall evaluation
Structure and safety cage
Passenger injury measures
Head/neck
Chest
Hip/thigh
Lower leg/foot
Passenger restraints and dummy kinematics
Driver injury measures
Head/neck
Chest
Hip/thigh
Lower leg/foot
Driver restraints and dummy kinematics

Technical measurements for this test

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Test ID	VTP1917
Lower occupant compartment
Lower hinge pillar max (cm)	8
Footrest (cm)	5
Right toepan (cm)	4
Center toepan (cm)	3
Rocker panel lateral average (cm)	4
Upper occupant compartment
Center dash (cm)	3
Upper hinge pillar max (cm)	6
Upper dash (cm)	5
Right lower dash (cm)	4

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Test ID	VTP1917
Head
HIC-15	55
Peak gs at hard contact	no contact
Neck
Tension (kN)	0.9
Extension bending moment (Nm)	19
Maximum Nij	0.21
Chest maximum compression (mm)	17
Femur (kN)
Left	0.2
Right	0.3
Knee displacement (mm)
Left	0
Right	0
Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%)
Left	0
Right	0
Maximum tibia index
Left	0.41
Right	0.74
Tibia axial force (kN)
Left	0.6
Right	0.7
Foot acceleration (g)
Left	27
Right	23

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Test ID	VTP1917
Head
HIC-15	54
Peak gs at hard contact	no contact
Neck
Tension (kN)	0.8
Extension bending moment (Nm)	12
Maximum Nij	0.17
Chest maximum compression (mm)	28
Femur (kN)
Left	0.4
Right	0.7
Knee displacement (mm)
Left	1
Right	2
Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%)
Left	0
Right	0
Maximum tibia index
Left	0.37
Right	0.21
Tibia axial force (kN)
Left	0.1
Right	0.5
Foot acceleration (g)
Left	26
Right	29

About the small overlap front test

Moderate overlap front: original test

Rating applies to 2016-24 models

Tested vehicle: 2016 Volvo XC90 T6 Momentum 4-door 4wd

The Volvo XC90 was redesigned for the 2016 model year after a one-year absence from the market and a plug-in hybrid electric variant was introduced. Beginning with 2021 models the plug-in hybrid electric variant became known as the Volvo XC90 Recharge but has since reverted back to its previous name of plug-in hybrid for the 2025 model year. Moderate overlap frontal ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test conducted by Volvo. These ratings also apply to the all-new 2025.5 XC90.

Evaluation criteria	Rating
Overall evaluation
Structure and safety cage
Driver injury measures
Head/neck
Chest
Leg/foot, left
Leg/foot, right
Driver restraints and dummy kinematics

Technical measurements for this test

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Test ID	VTF1507
Footwell intrusion
Footrest (cm)	1
Left (cm)	2
Center (cm)	2
Right (cm)	3
Brake pedal (cm)	3
Instrument panel rearward movement
Left (cm)	0
Right (cm)	0
Steering column movement
Upward (cm)	-2
Rearward (cm)	-6
A-pillar rearward movement (cm)	1

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Test ID	VTF1507
Head
HIC-15	174
Peak gs at hard contact	no contact
Neck
Tension (kN)	0.9
Extension bending moment (Nm)	6
Maximum Nij	0.25
Chest maximum compression (mm)	31
Legs
Femur force - left (kN)	1.0
Femur force - right (kN)	1.8
Knee displacement - left (mm)	2
Knee displacement - right (mm)	5
Maximum tibia index - left	0.41
Maximum tibia index - right	0.39
Tibia axial force - left (kN)	1.9
Tibia axial force - right (kN)	3.1
Foot acceleration (g)
Left	39
Right	76

About the original moderate overlap front test

Side: original test

Rating applies to 2016-23 models

Tested vehicle: 2016 Volvo XC90 T6 Momentum 4-door 4wd

The Volvo XC90 was redesigned for the 2016 model year after a one-year absence from the market and a plug-in hybrid electric variant was introduced. Beginning with 2021 models the plug-in hybrid electric variant became known as the Volvo XC90 Recharge. Side ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test conducted by Volvo.

Evaluation criteria	Rating
Overall evaluation
Structure and safety cage
Driver injury measures
Head/neck
Torso
Pelvis/leg
Driver head protection
Rear passenger injury measures
Head/neck
Torso
Pelvis/leg
Rear passenger head protection

Technical measurements for this test

Test ID	VTS1507
B-pillar to longitudinal centerline of driver's seat (cm)	-26.0
Negative numbers indicate the amount by which the crush stopped short of the seat centerline.

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Test ID	VTS1507
Head HIC-15	233
Neck
Tension (kN)	1.1
Compression (kN)	0.2
Shoulder
Lateral deflection (mm)	27
Lateral force (kN)	1.3
Torso
Maximum deflection (mm)	39
Average deflection (mm)	36
Maximum deflection rate (m/s)	3.73
Maximum viscous criterion (m/s)	0.60
Pelvis
Iliac force (kN)	1.5
Acetabulum force (kN)	1.4
Combined force (kN)	2.7
Left femur
L-M force (kN)	0.6
L-M moment (Nm)	62
A-P moment (Nm)	16

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Test ID	VTS1507
Head HIC-15	82
Neck
Tension (kN)	0.4
Compression (kN)	0.3
Shoulder
Lateral deflection (mm)	29
Lateral force (kN)	1.5
Torso
Maximum deflection (mm)	20
Average deflection (mm)	13
Maximum deflection rate (m/s)	2.74
Maximum viscous criterion (m/s)	0.19
Pelvis
Iliac force (kN)	1.3
Acetabulum force (kN)	2.1
Combined force (kN)	3.2
Left femur
L-M force (kN)	0.5
L-M moment (Nm)	54
A-P moment (Nm)	-36

About the original side crash test

Side: updated test

Rating applies to 2023-25 models

Tested vehicle: 2023 Volvo XC90 B5 4-door 4wd

The Volvo XC90 was redesigned for the 2016 model year after a one-year absence from the market and a plug-in hybrid electric variant was introduced. Initially known as the Volvo XC90 Plug-In Hybrid, it became the Volvo XC90 Recharge from model years 2021-2024. For the 2025 model year, it has reverted to the original name. These ratings also apply to the all-new 2025.5 XC90.

Evaluation criteria	Rating
Overall evaluation
Structure and safety cage
Driver injury measures
Head/neck
Torso
Pelvis
Driver head protection
Rear passenger injury measures
Head/neck
Torso
Pelvis
Rear passenger head protection

View of the vehicle just after the crash test.

View of the vehicle after the crash with doors removed, showing the side airbags and damage to the occupant compartment.

Smeared greasepaint shows where the driver dummy's head was protected from being hit by hard structures by the side curtain airbag.

Smeared greasepaint shows where the rear passenger dummy’s head was protected by the side airbag.

Technical measurements for this test

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Test ID	CES2241
B-pillar to longitudinal centerline of driver's seat (cm)	-18.5
Negative numbers indicate the amount by which the crush stopped short of the seat centerline.

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Test ID	CES2241
Head
HIC-15	123
Peak gs at hard contact	no contact
Neck
Tension (kN)	1.1
Compression (kN)	0.2
Shoulder
Lateral deflection (mm)	23
Lateral force (kN)	1.1
Torso
Maximum deflection (mm)	36
Average deflection (mm)	33
Maximum deflection rate (m/s)	3.31
Maximum viscous criterion (m/s)	0.61
Pelvis
Combined force (kN)	3.4

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Test ID	CES2241
Head
HIC-15	124
Peak gs at hard contact	no contact
Neck
Tension (kN)	0.4
Compression (kN)	0.3
Shoulder
Lateral deflection (mm)	35
Lateral force (kN)	1.3
Torso
Maximum deflection (mm)	36
Average deflection (mm)	29
Maximum deflection rate (m/s)	3.78
Maximum viscous criterion (m/s)	0.56
Pelvis
Combined force (kN)	4.1

About the side crash test

Roof strength

Rating applies to 2016-23 models

Tested vehicle: 2016 Volvo XC90 T6 Momentum 4-door 4wd

Overall evaluation
Curb weight	4,516 lbs
Peak force	23,396 lbs
Strength-to-weight ratio	5.18

About the roof strength test

Head restraints & seats

Seat type: Power leather seat

Overall evaluation
Dynamic rating
Seat/head restraint geometry

Technical measurements for this test

Seat type	Power leather seat
Geometry
Backset (mm)	34
Distance below top of head (mm)	-2
Seat design parameters
Pass/fail	Pass
Max T1 acceleration (g)	11.2
Head contact time (ms)	54
Force rating	1
Neck forces
Max neck shear force (N)	0
Max neck tension (N)	378

About the head restraint & seat test
Currently, IIHS tests apply only to front seats.

Headlights

Trim level(s)

All trims

Evaluation criteria	Rating
Low-beam headlight type	LED reflector
High-beam headlight type	LED reflector
Curve-adaptive?	Yes
High-beam assist?	Yes
Overall rating
Distance at which headlights provide at least 5 lux illumination:

Low beams
On the straightaway, visibility was fair on the right side of the road and inadequate on the left side. On curves, visibility was good on the sharp right curve, fair on the gradual right curve and inadequate on both left curves.

The low beams never exceeded glare limits.

High beams
On the straightaway, visibility was good on the right side of the road and fair on the left side. On curves, visibility was good on the gradual right and gradual left curves and fair on the sharp right and sharp left curves.

High-beam assist compensates for some limitations of this vehicle's low beams on the straightaway and all 4 curves.

Technical measurements for this test

Evaluation criteria	Measurement
Trim level(s)	All trims
Low-beam headlight type	LED reflector
High-beam headlight type	LED reflector
Curve-adaptive?	Yes
High-beam assist?	Yes
Overall rating Applies to 2018-25 models

LOW BEAMS	Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux)	Amount glare exceeded threshold
Straightaway right edge	84.3 m	None
Straightaway left edge	44.4 m	None
250m radius right curve, right edge	58.5 m	None
250m radius left curve, left edge	45.7 m	None
150m radius right curve, right edge	56.1 m	None
150m radius left curve, left edge	44.5 m	None

HIGH BEAMS	Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux)
Straightaway right edge	152.2 m
Straightaway left edge	129.4 m
250m radius right curve, right edge	82.9 m
250m radius left curve, left edge	79.6 m
150m radius right curve, right edge	63.8 m
150m radius left curve, left edge	59.8 m

About the headlight evaluation

Front crash prevention: pedestrian (day)

System details

standard Collision Warning with Full Autobrake

Overall evaluation

This rating applies to all 2023-25 models

Superior

Crossing child

In the 12 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision.
In the 25 mph test, impact speed was reduced by 14 mph.

Crossing adult

In the 12 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision.
In the 25 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision.

Parallel adult

In the 25 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision.
In the 37 mph test, impact speed was reduced by 25 mph. A warning was issued 2.6 seconds before impact.

About the pedestrian front crash prevention test

Front crash prevention: pedestrian (night)

Night

System details

standard Collision Warning with Full Autobrake

Overall evaluation

Includes high-beam assist credit

This rating applies to all 2023-25 models

Advanced

Crossing adult

In the 12 mph test, impact speed was reduced by 4 mph when using its high beams. When using its low beams, this vehicle nearly avoided a collision.
In the 25 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision when using its high beams. When using its low beams, impact speed was reduced by 24 mph.

Parallel adult

In the 25 mph test, impact speed was reduced by 21 mph when using its high beams. When using its low beams, this vehicle avoided a collision.
In the 37 mph test, this vehicle nearly avoided a collision when using its high beams and a warning was issued 2.2 seconds before impact. When using its low beams, impact speed was reduced by 9 mph and a warning was issued 0.5 seconds before impact.

About pedestrian front crash prevention test

Seat belt reminders

Rating applies to 2023-25 models

Evaluation criteria	Rating
Overall evaluation
Front row
Unbelted occupant alert (audible & visual)
Initiation time
Duration	Long enough (90+ seconds)
Volume
Audio frequency
Second row
Startup status alert (visual)
Initiation time
Duration at least 60 seconds
Belt disengaged alert (audible & visual)
Initiation time
Duration at least 30 seconds
Volume
Audio frequency

Technical measurements for this test

About the seat belt reminder evaluation

Child seat anchors

Rating applies to 2016-25 models built before December 2024

Evaluation criteria	Rating
Overall evaluation
Vehicle trim	T6 Momentum
Seat type	leather

This vehicle has 2 rear seating positions with complete child seat attachment (LATCH) hardware.

It has 1 additional seating position with a tether anchor only.

Evaluation criteria	Rating
Overall evaluation
Vehicle trim	T6 Momentum
Seat type	leather

Rating icon	Rating
G	Good
A	Acceptable
M	Marginal
P	Poor
	Seating positions that rely on borrowed lower anchors or have only a tether anchor available are not rated.
thether anchor symbol	Tether anchor
lower anchor symbol	Lower anchors
shared lower achors symbol	Lower anchor(s) can be borrowed from adjacent positions(s)
	No hardware available

Details by seating position

Position	Rating
1
1	Tether anchor
	easy-to-find location
	no other hardware could be confused for anchor
	Lower anchors
	too deep in seat
	not too much force needed to attach
	easy to maneuver around anchors
2
2	Tether anchor
	easy-to-find location
	other hardware could be confused for anchor
	Lower anchors
	none available
3
3	Tether anchor
	easy-to-find location
	no other hardware could be confused for anchor
	Lower anchors
	too deep in seat
	not too much force needed to attach
	easy to maneuver around anchors

Technical measurements for this test

Lower anchor A
Open access rated	No
Depth (cm)	2-4
Force (lbs)	37
Clearance angle (degrees)	66
Lower anchor B
Open access rated	No
Depth (cm)	2-4
Force (lbs)	33
Clearance angle (degrees)	65
Tether anchor
Location	Middle seatback
Confusing hardware present	Yes
Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor	Yes
Tether anchors can be accessed while seatback is properly positioned for use of LATCH	Not measured

Lower anchor A
No lower latch for this seat position
Lower anchor B
No lower latch for this seat position
Tether anchor
Location	Middle seatback
Confusing hardware present	Yes
Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor	No
Tether anchors can be accessed while seatback is properly positioned for use of LATCH	Not measured

Lower anchor A
Open access rated	No
Depth (cm)	4-6
Force (lbs)	37
Clearance angle (degrees)	58
Lower anchor B
Open access rated	No
Depth (cm)	2-4
Force (lbs)	37
Clearance angle (degrees)	64
Tether anchor
Location	Middle seatback
Confusing hardware present	Yes
Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor	Yes
Tether anchors can be accessed while seatback is properly positioned for use of LATCH	Not measured

About the child seat anchor evaluation

Background cabin sound pressure level at 24 km/h	52 dB
Audible signal sound pressure level at 24 km/h	64 dB
Difference between background and signal	11.8 dB
Background cabin sound pressure level at 40 km/h	56 dB
Audible signal sound pressure level at 40 km/h	66 dB
Difference between background and signal	9.3 dB
Dominant audio frequency	528 Hz

2023 Volvo XC90

midsize luxury SUV / 4-door SUV

Crashworthiness

Crash avoidance & mitigation

Seat belts & child restraints

Other available safety features

Small overlap front: driver-side

Small overlap front: passenger-side

Moderate overlap front: original test

Side: original test

Side: updated test

Roof strength

Head restraints & seats

Headlights

Trim level(s)

Front crash prevention: pedestrian (day)

Front crash prevention: pedestrian (night)

Night

Seat belt reminders

Child seat anchors